Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Pulmonary Dendritic Cells (DCs)
3. Origin and Development of Lung DCs
4. Functions of DC against Respiratory Fungal Pathogens
5. Dendritic-Cell-Based Experimental Fungal Vaccines
5.1. Aspergillus spp.
5.2. Coccidiodes spp.
5.3. Paracoccidioides spp.
5.4. Cryptococcus spp.
Fungi | Vaccine Type | Methodology | Major Outcomes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aspergillus spp. | RNA or live fungi/Crude antigen or subunit vaccine | Murine and human DC-pulsed (RNA complexed with DOTAP) | Enhanced DC’s MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules expression, and increased Th1/Th2 response | [108] |
Heat-killed fungi/Crude antigen vaccine | Human DC-pulsed | In vivo protective antigen-specific Th1 response (high IFN-γ and IL-10 production) | [109] | |
Heat-inactivated fungi/viral transduction | Murine DC-pulsed and IL-12 gene therapy | Increased Th1 responses, improved survivability, and reduced fungal burden | [110] | |
Coccidioides spp. | Ag2/Subunit vaccine (Ag2/PRA-cDNA transfected DC) | Murine transfected DCs | Reduced fungal burden, tissue injury in vaccinated mice, enhanced IgG levels, and increased IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 production | [120,121,122,123] |
Paracoccidioides spp. | Peptide vaccine (P10) P10 primary DC P10 primary monocyte derived-DC | P10-primed murine DCs | Reduced fungal burden in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, protection against intratracheal challenge, protective Th1 responses, activation and upregulation of MHC-II, CD80, and CD86 on the DCs, and induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation. | [131,132,133] |
Cryptococcus spp. | Heat-killed Cryptococcus gattii mutant ∆cap60 | Murine DC-pulsed | Protection and stimulation of tissue-resident memory Th17 cells in the lungs | [138,144] |
Live or heat-killed Cryptococcus neoformans mutant | - | Protective Th1-type adaptive immune response Induction of trained immunity of DCs | [140] |
6. Future Perspectives of Fungal DC Vaccines
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kulkarni, N.A.; Nanjappa, S.G. Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections. Vaccines 2024, 12, 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090981
Kulkarni NA, Nanjappa SG. Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections. Vaccines. 2024; 12(9):981. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090981
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulkarni, Nitish A., and Som G. Nanjappa. 2024. "Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections" Vaccines 12, no. 9: 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090981
APA StyleKulkarni, N. A., & Nanjappa, S. G. (2024). Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections. Vaccines, 12(9), 981. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12090981