Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination among Parents of Children with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methodology
2.2. Data Collection and Study Instruments
2.3. Sample Size Calculation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Study Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Median (95% Lower-Upper CL) or Frequency (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Child’s age | 7 (7–8) | |
Child’s sex | Female | 235 (35.2%) |
Male | 432 (64.8%) | |
Parent’s age | 38 (38–39) | |
Parents’ sex | Female | 419 (62.8%) |
Male | 248 (37.2%) | |
Education | Low (High school or less) | 203 (30.4%) |
High (Above high school) | 464 (69.6%) | |
Marital status | Other | 35 (5.2%) |
Married | 632 (94.8%) | |
Income | <1000 JOD | 573 (86.9%) |
>=1000 JOD | 86 (13.1%) | |
Passive smoking | No | 388 (58.2%) |
Yes | 279 (41.8%) | |
Asthma duration | 3.6 (3–4) | |
Previous asthma hospitalization | No | 295 (44.2%) |
Yes | 372 (55.8%) | |
Previous flu infection | No | 82 (12.3%) |
Yes | 585 (87.7%) |
No Frequency (%) | I Don’t Know Frequency (%) | Yes Frequency (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Asthma is an infectious disease * | 608 (91.2%) | 47 (7%) | 12 (1.8%) |
Asthma is a hereditary disease | 135 (20.2%) | 97 (14.5%) | 435 (65.2%) |
Patients may experience flare ups/exacerbations | 14 (2.1%) | 51 (7.6%) | 602 (90.3%) |
Asthma is a chronic disease | 85 (12.7%) | 46 (6.9%) | 536 (80.4%) |
Do you know the spirometry test? | 188 (28.2%) | 118 (17.7%) | 361 (54.1%) |
Do you know how to properly use the peak flow meter? | 375 (56.2%) | 192 (28.8%) | 100 (15%) |
Does cold weather trigger asthma symptoms? | 34 (5.1%) | 33 (4.9%) | 600 (90%) |
Does smoking trigger asthma symptoms? | 14 (2.1%) | 19 (2.8%) | 634 (95.1%) |
Does exposure to pets trigger asthma symptoms? | 69 (10.3%) | 79 (11.8%) | 519 (77.8%) |
Does perfume trigger asthma symptoms? | 37 (5.5%) | 24 (3.6%) | 606 (90.9%) |
Do dust/air pollution trigger asthma symptoms? | 8 (1.2%) | 9 (1.3%) | 650 (97.5%) |
Does pollen trigger asthma symptoms? | 59 (8.8%) | 83 (12.4%) | 525 (78.7%) |
Does allergic rhinitis make asthma symptoms worse? | 37 (5.5%) | 48 (7.2%) | 582 (87.3%) |
Does sinusitis make asthma symptoms worse? | 26 (3.9%) | 86 (12.9%) | 555 (83.2%) |
Does flu make asthma symptoms worse? | 29 (4.3%) | 37 (5.5%) | 601 (90.1%) |
Does tonsilitis make asthma symptoms worse? | 73 (10.9%) | 100 (15%) | 494 (74.1%) |
Do you/your child know how to correctly use asthma inhalers? | 81 (12.1%) | 21 (3.1%) | 565 (84.7%) |
Does aspirin worsen asthma symptoms? | 99 (14.8%) | 483 (72.4%) | 85 (12.7%) |
Do NSAIDS (brofen, voltaren) worsen asthma symptoms? | 80 (12%) | 467 (70%) | 120 (18%) |
Frequency (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Is there a vaccine against flu? | No | 43 (6.4%) |
I don’t know | 50 (7.5%) | |
Yes * | 574 (86.1%) | |
Do you know the difference between triple and quadruple flu vaccines? | No | 303 (45.4%) |
I don’t know | 265 (39.7%) | |
Yes * | 99 (14.8%) | |
Does the vaccine have side effects? | No | 128 (19.2%) |
I don’t know | 354 (53.1%) | |
Yes * | 185 (27.7%) | |
Flu is caused by bacteria. | No * | 357 (53.5%) |
I don’t know | 142 (21.3%) | |
Yes | 168 (25.2%) | |
Flu can spread from one person to another. | No | 8 (1.2%) |
I don’t know | 7 (1%) | |
Yes * | 652 (97.8%) | |
Antibiotics can be used to treat flu. | No * | 250 (37.5%) |
I don’t know | 50 (7.5%) | |
Yes | 367 (55%) | |
When is the appropriate time to take the flu vaccine? | January–March | 81 (12.1%) |
November–December | 83 (12.4%) | |
September–October * | 364 (54.6%) | |
I don’t know | 139 (20.8%) | |
When is the appropriate age to take the flu vaccine? | At birth | 15 (2.2%) |
>=6 months * | 97 (14.5%) | |
At no specific age | 460 (69%) | |
I don’t know | 95 (14.2%) | |
What is the maximum limit of flu vaccine shots a child can receive per visit? | One dose * | 282 (42.3%) |
Two doses | 18 (2.7%) | |
Three doses | 15 (2.2%) | |
I don’t know | 352 (52.8%) |
Strongly Disagree Frequency (%) | Disagree Frequency (%) | Neutral Frequency (%) | Agree Frequency (%) | Strongly Agree Frequency (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I believe that my child must receive the flu vaccination | 14 (2.1%) | 123 (18.4%) | 204 (30.6%) | 161 (24.1%) | 165 (24.7%) |
It is easy to reach the pharmacy /hospital to receive the flu vaccination | 10 (1.5%) | 35 (5.2%) | 70 (10.5%) | 268 (40.2%) | 284 (42.6%) |
My child’s pediatrician believes that my child should receive the flu vaccine | 36 (5.4%) | 150 (22.5%) | 179 (26.8%) | 120 (18%) | 182 (27.3%) |
Flu vaccination prevents infection by the flu virus | 12 (1.8%) | 107 (16%) | 237 (35.5%) | 201 (30.1%) | 110 (16.5%) |
The flu vaccination may cause complications/troubles for my child * | 58 (8.7%) | 139 (20.8%) | 286 (42.9%) | 124 (18.6%) | 60 (9%) |
I believe that my child gets sick because of the flu shot * | 73 (10.9%) | 219 (32.8%) | 264 (39.6%) | 79 (11.8%) | 32 (4.8%) |
I am worried about the chances of my child contracting the flu because of the flu vaccine * | 76 (11.4%) | 183 (27.4%) | 246 (36.9%) | 104 (15.6%) | 58 (8.7%) |
Never | Rarely | Sometime | Usually | Always | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | |
How often does your child avoid exposure to smoking? | 13 (1.9%) | 44 (6.6%) | 120 (18%) | 198 (29.7%) | 292 (43.8%) |
How often does your child avoid exposure to pets? | 23 (3.4%) | 68 (10.2%) | 136 (20.4%) | 170 (25.5%) | 270 (40.5%) |
How often does your child avoid exposure to cold weather? | 12 (1.8%) | 29 (4.3%) | 151 (22.6%) | 221 (33.1%) | 254 (38.1%) |
How often does your child avoid exposure to perfumes? | 24 (3.6%) | 46 (6.9%) | 165 (24.7%) | 223 (33.4%) | 209 (31.3%) |
How often does your child avoid exposure to dust/air pollution? | 8 (1.2%) | 40 (6%) | 127 (19%) | 241 (36.1%) | 251 (37.6%) |
How often do you change your child beddings weekly? | 7 (1%) | 20 (3%) | 77 (11.5%) | 171 (25.6%) | 392 (58.8%) |
How often do you avoid giving your child aspirin or NSAIDS? | 72 (10.8%) | 110 (16.5%) | 198 (29.7%) | 134 (20.1%) | 153 (22.9%) |
Does your child perform spirometry test on every visit to the physician? | 189 (28.3%) | 220 (33%) | 117 (17.5%) | 72 (10.8%) | 69 (10.3%) |
How often does your child use an air dehumidifier? | 354 (53.1%) | 145 (21.7%) | 82 (12.3%) | 44 (6.6%) | 42 (6.3%) |
How often does your child use a flow meter at home? | 382 (57.3%) | 167 (25%) | 71 (10.6%) | 27 (4%) | 20 (3%) |
Frequency (%) | ||
---|---|---|
How often does your child receive a flu vaccine? | Never | 403 (60.4%) |
One time | 116 (17.4%) | |
More than one time but not annually | 78 (11.7%) | |
Annually | 70 (10.5%) | |
What type of vaccine did your child receive? | Trivalent | 61 (9.1%) |
Quadrivalent | 40 (6%) | |
I don’t know | 566 (84.9%) | |
Reported side effects | ||
Fever | No | 615 (92.2%) |
Yes | 52 (7.8%) | |
Redness | No | 614 (92.1%) |
Yes | 53 (7.9%) | |
Fatigue | No | 543 (81.4%) |
Yes | 124 (18.6%) | |
Headache | No | 643 (96.4%) |
Yes | 24 (3.6%) | |
Nausea | No | 654 (98.1%) |
Yes | 13 (1.9%) | |
What was the severity of the side effects? | Mild | 128 (62.7%) |
Moderate | 64 (31.4%) | |
Severe | 12 (5.9%) |
Maybe vs. Yes | No vs. Yes | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value | OR | 95% Confidence Interval for OR | 95% Confidence Interval for OR | ||||||
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | p-Value | Lower Bound | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
Child’s age | 0.891 | 0.996 | 0.936 | 1.059 | 0.807 | 1.008 | 0.944 | 1.077 | |
Asthma duration | 0.04 | 1.093 | 1.004 | 1.19 | 0.044 | 1.092 | 1.002 | 1.189 | |
Asthma practice score | 0.421 | 0.985 | 0.95 | 1.022 | 0.792 | 0.994 | 0.954 | 1.037 | |
Asthma knowledge score | 0.133 | 1.066 | 0.981 | 1.158 | 0.329 | 1.047 | 0.955 | 1.147 | |
Flu vaccine attitude score | <0.001 | 0.735 | 0.676 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.571 | 0.514 | 0.634 | |
Parent’s age | 0.825 | 1.004 | 0.969 | 1.04 | 0.7 | 0.992 | 0.954 | 1.032 | |
Flu vaccine and flu knowledge score | 0.387 | 0.937 | 0.809 | 1.086 | 0.204 | 1.111 | 0.944 | 1.307 | |
Child sex | Female | 0.306 | 0.765 | 0.459 | 1.276 | 0.124 | 1.561 | 0.886 | 2.752 |
Male (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Income | <1000 JOD | 0.393 | 1.367 | 0.668 | 2.798 | 0.652 | 1.197 | 0.547 | 2.620 |
>= 1000 JOD (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Education | Low | 0.004 | 0.443 | 0.256 | 0.765 | 0.042 | 0.52 | 0.276 | 0.978 |
High (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Control status | Uncontrolled | 0.743 | 0.897 | 0.468 | 1.719 | 0.002 | 0.31 | 0.146 | 0.655 |
Partial controlled | 0.31 | 0.734 | 0.404 | 1.333 | 0.005 | 0.393 | 0.205 | 0.755 | |
Controlled (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Parent sex | Female | 0.344 | 1.292 | 0.76 | 2.195 | 0.549 | 0.835 | 0.463 | 1.506 |
Male (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Frequency of vaccination against flu | Never | <0.001 | 24.336 | 6.733 | 87.963 | <0.001 | 36.425 | 6.782 | 195.628 |
One time | 0.002 | 7.947 | 2.08 | 30.369 | 0.008 | 10.947 | 1.851 | 64.745 | |
More than one time but not annually | 0.002 | 8.454 | 2.132 | 33.521 | 0.011 | 10.182 | 1.694 | 61.196 | |
Annually (REF) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||
Previous hospitalization for asthma | 0.809 | 1.066 | 0.633 | 1.796 | 0.039 | 1.835 | 1.032 | 3.263 |
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Al-Qerem, W.; Jarab, A.; Hammad, A.; Alasmari, F.; Ling, J.; Al-Zayadneh, E.; Al-Iede, M.; Alazab, B.; Hajeer, L. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination among Parents of Children with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061074
Al-Qerem W, Jarab A, Hammad A, Alasmari F, Ling J, Al-Zayadneh E, Al-Iede M, Alazab B, Hajeer L. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination among Parents of Children with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2023; 11(6):1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061074
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Qerem, Walid, Anan Jarab, Alaa Hammad, Fawaz Alasmari, Jonathan Ling, Enas Al-Zayadneh, Montaha Al-Iede, Badi’ah Alazab, and Leen Hajeer. 2023. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination among Parents of Children with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 11, no. 6: 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061074
APA StyleAl-Qerem, W., Jarab, A., Hammad, A., Alasmari, F., Ling, J., Al-Zayadneh, E., Al-Iede, M., Alazab, B., & Hajeer, L. (2023). Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Influenza Vaccination among Parents of Children with Asthma: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 11(6), 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11061074