T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antigenic Targets for T Cell Immunotherapy
2.1. Identification of Tumor Antigenic Epitopes for T Cell Immunotherapy
2.2. HLA Restricted T Cell-Based Immunotherapy
2.2.1. Endogenous T Cells Targeting Undefined Antigens
2.2.2. T Cells Targeting Defined Cancer-Associated Antigens
2.2.3. T Cells Targeting Defined Cancer-Specific Antigens
2.3. Non-HLA Restricted T Cell-Based Immunotherapy
2.3.1. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells Targeting Tumor-Defined Antigens
2.3.2. Gamma Delta (γδ) T Cells as Weapons of Non-HLA-Restricted Immunotherapy
3. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T Cell Therapies | Antigen/Type | Disease | HLA Subtype | Status | Reference/Clinical Trial Identifier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCR-T | KK-LC-1/cancer testis antigen Kita-kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen 1 | Gastric, breast, cervical, lung, other KK-LC-1 and other positive epithelial cancers | HLA-A01:01 | Phase I | NCT05483491 NCT05035407 NCT03778814 |
E7 TCR cells | HPV-16 E7 | Human papillomavirus (HPV)-16+ cancers (cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers | HLA-A02:01 | phase I/II | NCT02858310 |
TCR-transduced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells FH-MCVA2TCR | MCPyV T | Merkel cell cancer | HLA-A02 | phase I/II trial | NCT03747484 |
LMP2 Antigen-specific TCR T cells | LMP2 | Recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma | HLA-A2, HLA-A11, HLA-A24 | Phase 1 | NCT03925896 |
NY-ESO-1 TCR-T | NY-ESO-1 | Advanced soft tissue sarcoma | HLA-A 02/01 | Recruiting | NCT05620693 |
TCR-T therapy | KRAS G12V or G12D | Pancreatic cancer | HLA-A*11:01 | Phase 1 | NCT05438667 |
EBV-Specific Anti-PD1 TCR-T Cells | EBV antigen | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Unknown | Phase I/II trial | NCT04139057 |
Tumor-specific TCR-T cells | Patient specific | Solid tumor | Unknown | Phase 1 | NCT03891706 |
HPV TCR-T | HPV E6 | HPV-positive head and neck carcinoma or cervical cancer | Unknown | Phase 1 | NCT03578406 |
TCR-transduced T cells | TSA-reactive TCR-engineered T cells | Malignant epithelial neoplasms | Unknown | Phase 1 | NCT04520711 |
CRTE7A2-01 TCR-T Cell | HPV16 | Cervical, anal, head and neck cancers | HLA-A*02:01 | Phase 1 | NCT05122221 |
MC2 TCR T cells | MAGE-C2 | Melanoma melanoma, uveal head and neck cancer | HLA-A2 | Phase 1/2 | NCT04729543 |
Neoantigen specific TCR-T cells | Patient specific | Gynecologic cancer colorectal, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, ovarian cancer, ovary neoplasm, squamous cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of lung, adenosquamous cell lung cancer | Unknown | Phase I/II | NCT05292859 |
KSH01-TCR-T cells | Unknown | Refractory/recurrent solid tumors | HLA-A*02 | Early Phase 1 | NCT05539833 |
Neoantigen specific TCR-T cell | KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, TP53 R175H, TP53 R248W, TP53 Y220C, EGFR E746-A750del | Gynecologic, colorectal, pancreatic, non-small cell lung cancer, cholangiocarcinoma ovarian, endometrial cancer, ovary neoplasm, squamous cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of lung, adenosquamous cell lung cancer | HLA-A*11:01 HLA-C*08:02 HLA-A*11:01 HLA-C*01:02 HLA-A*02:01, HLA-DRB1*13:01, HLA-A*68:01, HLA-DRB3*02:02, HLA-DPA1*02:01, DPB1*01:01 | Phase I/II | NCT05194735 |
KK-LC-1 TCR T | KK-LC-1 | Gastric, breast, cervical, lung cancer | HLA-A01:01 | Phase 1 | NCT05035407 |
FH-TCR-Tᴍsʟɴ cells | Mesothelin | Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | HLA-A*02:01 | Phase 1 | NCT04809766 |
NY-ESO-1 T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells | NY-ESO-1 | Ovarian, Fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer | HLA-A*0201, HLA-DP*04 | Phase 1 | NCT03691376 |
fhB7H3.CAR-Ts | B7H3 | Ovarian cancer | Non-HLA | Phase I/II | NCT05211557 |
Anti-MUC1 CAR-T cells | MUC1 | Advanced esophageal cancer | Non-HLA | Phase I/II | NCT03706326 |
Anti-CEA-CAR T | CEA | Colorectal cancer | Non-HLA | Phase I | NCT04513431 |
anti-MESO CAR-T cells | Mesothelin | Ovarian cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1/2 | NCT03916679 |
EpCAM CAR-T cells | EpCAM | Advanced solid tumors | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT02915445 |
CAR-T cells | PSCA, MUC1, TGFβ, HER2, Mesothelin, Lewis-Y, GPC3, AXL, EGFR, Claudin18.2, or B7-H3 | Lung cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03198052 |
CD70-targeted CAR-T Therapy | CD70 | Advanced renal cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05420519 |
Dual Targeted CAR T-cells | CD20/CD22 | Relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04283006 |
MOv19-BBz CAR T Cells | Alpha folate receptor | Recurrent high-grade serous ovarian, Fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03585764 |
U87 CAR-T | U87 | Pancreatic cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05605197 |
LMP1 CAR T-cells | LMP1 | Hematological malignancies | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04657965 |
IM83 CAR-T Cells | IM83 | Liver cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05123209 |
CAR T cells | ICAM-1 | Relapsed/refractory thyroid cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04420754 |
anti- MESO CAR-T cells | Mesothelin | Ovarian cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03814447 |
huCART-meso cells | Mesothelin | Pancreatic cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03323944 |
Anti-CD33-CAR-transduced T cells | CD33 | Myeloid malignancies | Non-HLA | Phase 1/2 | NCT02958397 |
Anti-CD7 CAR-T | CD7 | Hematological malignancies | Non-HLA | Phase 2 | NCT05454241 |
B4T2-001 Autologous CAR T cells | BT-001 | Advanced solid tumor | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05621486 |
CEA CAR-T cells | CEA | Solid tumor, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, | Non-HLA | Phase 1/2 | NCT04348643 |
PSCA- CAR T cells | PSCA | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03873805 |
PRGN-3005 Ultra CAR-T cells | BRCA | Advanced, recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian, Fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT03907527 |
P-PSMA-101 CAR-T cells | prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and advanced salivary gland cancers | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04249947 |
BPX-601 CAR-T cells | PSCA | Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1/2 | NCT02744287 |
Allogeneic γδ T cells in combination with standard drugs | Unknown | Neuroblastoma | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05400603 |
CAR γδ T-cells | NKG2DL | Malignant cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT05302037 |
CAR γδ T-cells | CD7 | Malignant cancer | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04702841 |
Autologous and allogeneic γδ T-cells | Unknown | Glioblastoma | Non-HLA | Phase 1/2 | NCT05664243 |
Allogeneic γδ T-cells | Unknown | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, peripheral T cell lymphoma | Non-HLA | Phase 1 | NCT04696705 |
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Want, M.Y.; Bashir, Z.; Najar, R.A. T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies. Vaccines 2023, 11, 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040835
Want MY, Bashir Z, Najar RA. T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies. Vaccines. 2023; 11(4):835. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040835
Chicago/Turabian StyleWant, Muzamil Y., Zeenat Bashir, and Rauf A. Najar. 2023. "T Cell Based Immunotherapy for Cancer: Approaches and Strategies" Vaccines 11, no. 4: 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040835