Evaluation of the Turkish Population’s Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Routine Childhood Vaccine Applications: National Survey Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type and Place of Research
2.2. Population and Sample of Research
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Determination of the Target Population
2.5. Ethics Committee Approval and Financial Support
2.6. Parameters and Scales Used in the Study
2.6.1. Demographic and Social Characteristics Form
2.6.2. Vaccine Hesitancy Scale Adapted to Pandemic (VHS-P)
2.6.3. Anti-Vaccination Scale—Long Form (AVS-LF)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Geographical Distribution of Participants
3.2. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.3. Perception of Participants Regarding COVID-19 and Vaccines
3.4. Analysis of Variables Affecting VHS-P Scale Scores
3.5. Analysis of Variables Affecting General AVS-LF Scale Scores
3.6. Total and Sub-Dimensional Reliability Analysis of VHS-P and AVS-LF Scales
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographical Regions | n | % |
---|---|---|
Istanbul Region | 1257 | 27.7 |
Western Anatolia Region | 635 | 14.0 |
Aegean Region | 579 | 12.8 |
Mediterranean Region | 502 | 11.1 |
East Marmara | 408 | 9.0 |
Southeast Anatolia Region | 326 | 7.2 |
West Blacksea | 198 | 4.4 |
West Marmara | 196 | 4.3 |
Middle Anatolia | 142 | 3.1 |
Middle East Anatolia | 138 | 3.0 |
Northeast Anatolia | 91 | 2.0 |
Eastern Black Sea Region | 67 | 1.5 |
Sociodemographic Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age groups | ||
≤30 years | 1435 | 31.6 |
31–50 years | 1943 | 42.8 |
≥51 years | 1161 | 25.6 |
Gender | ||
Male | 2303 | 50.7 |
Female | 2236 | 49.3 |
Educational level | ||
Illiterate | 88 | 1.9 |
Elementary school | 461 | 10.2 |
Middle School | 557 | 12.3 |
High school | 1562 | 34.4 |
Associate/Undergraduate | 1752 | 38.6 |
Master/PhD | 119 | 2.6 |
Children | ||
Yes | 3516 | 77.5 |
No | 1023 | 22.5 |
Concomitant chronic diseases | ||
Yes | 1445 | 31.8 |
No | 3094 | 68.2 |
Smoking habit | ||
Yes | 953 | 21.0 |
No | 3586 | 79.0 |
Questions about COVID-19 and Vaccine Awareness | n | % |
---|---|---|
Exposure to COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 927 | 20.4 |
No | 3612 | 79.6 |
Management of COVID-19 | ||
In house | 900 | 97.1 |
Stay in hospital (service) | 14 | 1.5 |
Stay in hospital (ICU) | 8 | 0.9 |
Stay in hospital (ICU- intubated) | 5 | 0.5 |
Vaccination for COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 4239 | 93.4 |
No | 300 | 6.6 |
Doses of COVID-19 vaccines | ||
1 dose | 210 | 5.0 |
2 doses | 1794 | 42.4 |
3 doses | 2153 | 50.8 |
4 doses | 82 | 1.8 |
Postvaccination exposure to COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 1313 | 31.0 |
No | 2926 | 69.0 |
Belief in the protective capacity of the vaccines | ||
Yes | 2799 | 61.7 |
No | 1740 | 38.3 |
Hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines | ||
Yes | 2651 | 58.4 |
No | 1888 | 41.6 |
Vaccination status of the children | ||
Yes | 3445 | 98.0 |
No | 71 | 2.0 |
Hesitation towards the vaccination of the children | ||
Yes | 888 | 19.6 |
No | 3651 | 80.4 |
Approval of the legal obligation of vaccination | ||
Yes | 2136 | 47.1 |
No | 1405 | 31 |
No idea | 998 | 22 |
Variables (Median (95% CI)) | VHS-P | p | AVS-LF | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | <0.001 * | 0.002 * | ||
≤30 years | 28 (28–29) a | 55 (55–57) e | ||
31–50 years | 28 (28–29) a | 53 (53–54) f | ||
≥51 years | 27 (27–28) b | 52 (51–54) f | ||
Gender | <0.001 # | 0.100 # | ||
Male | 27 (27–28) | 53 (53–54) | ||
Female | 28 (28–29) | 54 (54–55) | ||
Educational level | 0.005 * | <0.001 * | ||
Illiterate | 26 (24–28) c | 49 (46–53) | ||
Elementary school | 27 (27–29) c | 53 (52–56) | ||
Middle School | 27 (27–29) | 54 (53–56) | ||
High school | 28 (28–29) d | 55 (55–57) g | ||
Associate/Undergraduate | 27 (27–28) c | 53 (53–54) h | ||
Master’s/PhD | 27 (26–29) | 55 (54–58) | ||
Children | <0.001 # | <0.001 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–28) | 53 (53–54) | ||
No | 29 (29–30) | 56 (55–58) | ||
Concomitant chronic disease | <0.001 # | 0.102 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–28) | 53 (53–54) | ||
No | 28 (28–29) | 54 (54–55) | ||
Smoking habit | 0.412 # | 0.509 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–29) | 55 (54–57) | ||
No | 28 (28–29) | 53 (53–54) |
Variables (Median (95% CI)) | VHS-P | p | AVS-LF | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure to COVID-19 | 0.339 # | 0.682 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–28) | 54 (53–55) | ||
No | 28 (28–29) | 54 (54–55) | ||
Vaccination for COVID-19 | <0.001 # | <0.001 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–28) | 53 (53–54) | ||
No | 34 (32–36) | 62 (60–63) | ||
Belief in the protective effects of the vaccines | <0.001 # | <0.001 # | ||
Yes | 25 (25–26) | 47 (47–48) | ||
No | 33 (33–34) | 62 (62–63) | ||
Hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines | <0.001 # | |||
Yes | 31 (31–32) | 59 (59–60) | <0.001 # | |
No | 23 (23–24) | 44 (44–45) | ||
Approval of the legal obligation of the vaccination for COVID-19 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
Yes | 24 (24–25) a | 46 (46–47) d | ||
No | 33 (33–34) b | 63 (63–65)e | ||
No idea | 29 (29–30) c | 55 (55–57)f | ||
Vaccination of the children | <0.001 # | <0.001 # | ||
Yes | 27 (27–28) | 53 (53–54) | ||
No | 32 (30–36) | 61 (59–75) | ||
Hesitation for vaccination of the children | <0.001 # | <0.001 # | ||
Yes | 30 (30–31) | 62 (61–63) | ||
No | 27(27–28) | 51 (51–52) |
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Akbulut, S.; Boz, G.; Ozer, A.; Sahin, T.T.; Colak, C. Evaluation of the Turkish Population’s Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Routine Childhood Vaccine Applications: National Survey Study. Vaccines 2023, 11, 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040779
Akbulut S, Boz G, Ozer A, Sahin TT, Colak C. Evaluation of the Turkish Population’s Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Routine Childhood Vaccine Applications: National Survey Study. Vaccines. 2023; 11(4):779. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040779
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkbulut, Sami, Gulseda Boz, Ali Ozer, Tevfik Tolga Sahin, and Cemil Colak. 2023. "Evaluation of the Turkish Population’s Perspective on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Routine Childhood Vaccine Applications: National Survey Study" Vaccines 11, no. 4: 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040779