Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Sample Recruitment
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Attitudes
3.3. Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine
3.4. Sources of Information
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | N | % |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 71 (65–77) * | |
Sex | ||
Male | 240 | 55.1 |
Female | 196 | 44.9 |
Marital status | ||
Married/cohabited with a partner | 277 | 66.7 |
Unmarried | 138 | 33.3 |
Educational level | ||
High school degree or less | 243 | 55.9 |
Baccalaureate/graduate degree | 192 | 44.1 |
Employment | ||
Retired | 300 | 68.7 |
Employed | 89 | 20.4 |
Unemployed | 30 | 6.9 |
At least one chronic medical condition | ||
No | 186 | 42.4 |
Yes | 252 | 57.6 |
Having been infected by SARS-CoV-2 | ||
No | 350 | 79.9 |
Yes | 88 | 20.1 |
Once | 83 | 94.3 |
Twice | 5 | 5.7 |
Time of infection + | ||
Before vaccination | 32 | 35.6 |
After the first dose of vaccination | 3 | 3.3 |
After the second dose of vaccination | 7 | 7.8 |
After the first booster dose of vaccination | 48 | 53.3 |
At least one family member/colleague/friend who has been infected by SARS-CoV-2 | ||
No | 56 | 12.8 |
Yes | 382 | 87.2 |
Having been vaccinated against influenza in the previous year | ||
No | 162 | 37 |
Yes | 276 | 63 |
Variable | ß Coeff. | SE | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1. Perception of the utility of the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine F(7, 415) = 27.36, p < 0.0001, R2 = 31.6%, adjusted R2 = 30.4% | ||||
Higher level of trust in the sources of information used about the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine | 0.30 | 0.03 | 9.33 | <0.001 |
Higher self-awareness of being at risk of getting the SARS-CoV-2 infection | 0.14 | 0.03 | 4.31 | <0.001 |
Higher level of perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness | 0.12 | 0.04 | 2.79 | 0.006 |
Male | −0.32 | 0.16 | −2.02 | 0.044 |
Physicians as source of information for the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine | 0.26 | 0.16 | 1.60 | 0.11 |
At least one family member/colleague/friend who has been infected by SARS-CoV-2 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 1.30 | 0.195 |
Older | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.33 |
OR | SE | 95% CI | p | |
Model 2. Protection of themselves and of their family members from getting COVID-19 as reason for having received the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine Log likelihood = −261.22, χ2 = 47.32 (5 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
Younger | 0.94 | 0.01 | 0.91–0.96 | <0.001 |
Married/cohabited with a partner | 1.75 | 0.40 | 1.11–2.73 | 0.015 |
Higher level of perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness | 1.13 | 0.06 | 1.01–1.26 | 0.037 |
Not having a chronic medical condition | 0.77 | 0.16 | 0.51–1.17 | 0.229 |
Need of additional information about the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine | 1.44 | 0.47 | 0.76–2.73 | 0.263 |
Model 3. Perception of being at risk of getting a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection as reason for having received the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine Log likelihood = −152.85, χ2 = 50.34 (10 df), p < 0.0001 | ||||
Having at least one chronic medical condition | 3.24 | 1.09 | 1.67–6.25 | <0.001 |
Higher level of perception that COVID-19 is a severe illness | 1.35 | 0.16 | 1.07–1.71 | 0.01 |
Lower level of trust in the sources of the information used about the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine | 0.87 | 0.05 | 0.78–0.98 | 0.022 |
Physicians as source of information for the second booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine | 1.94 | 0.59 | 1.07–3.51 | 0.029 |
Younger | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.072 |
Female | 1.71 | 0.51 | 0.94–3.08 | 0.08 |
Married/cohabited with a partner | 1.68 | 0.54 | 0.88–3.17 | 0.112 |
High school degree or less | 0.61 | 0.19 | 0.33–1.12 | 0.113 |
At least one relative/colleague/friend who has been infected by SARS-CoV-2 | 2.18 | 1.25 | 0.71–6.71 | 0.175 |
Higher self-awareness of being at risk of getting the SARS-CoV-2 infection | 1.09 | 0.73 | 0.96–1.25 | 0.186 |
N | % | |
---|---|---|
To protect myself from getting COVID-19 | 342 | 78.1 |
To protect family members from getting COVID-19 | 186 | 42.4 |
Fear of acquiring COVID-19 | 123 | 28.1 |
To protect others from getting COVID-19 | 100 | 22.8 |
Recommended by a physician | 99 | 22.6 |
COVID-19 is a very contagious disease | 95 | 21.7 |
COVID-19 is a severe disease | 78 | 17.8 |
Perception of being at risk of getting a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection | 65 | 14.8 |
Second booster dose efficacy | 63 | 14.3 |
Second booster dose safety | 38 | 8.6 |
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Miraglia del Giudice, G.; Folcarelli, L.; Della Polla, G.; Napoli, A.; Angelillo, I.F. Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy. Vaccines 2023, 11, 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040737
Miraglia del Giudice G, Folcarelli L, Della Polla G, Napoli A, Angelillo IF. Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy. Vaccines. 2023; 11(4):737. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040737
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiraglia del Giudice, Grazia, Lucio Folcarelli, Giorgia Della Polla, Annalisa Napoli, and Italo Francesco Angelillo. 2023. "Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy" Vaccines 11, no. 4: 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040737
APA StyleMiraglia del Giudice, G., Folcarelli, L., Della Polla, G., Napoli, A., & Angelillo, I. F. (2023). Investigating the Reasons for Receiving the Second Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Adults and in People with Chronic Medical Conditions in Southern Italy. Vaccines, 11(4), 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040737