False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data/Measurement Sources
2.3. Control of Sources of Bias
2.4. Study Size
2.5. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaccine Period | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccines | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
HepBB | 5% | 7% | 16% | 69% | 79% | 75% | 47% | 61% | 70% | 71% |
MMR2 | 91% | 92% | 55% | 83% | 85% | 76% | 64% | 73% | 74% | 76% |
DTP3 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 87% | 83% | 78% | 83% | 85% | 85% | 85% |
PCV3 | 17% | 71% | 94% | 90% | 100% | 81% | 84% | 84% | 85% | 83% |
Polio3 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 87% | 84% | 84% | 79% | 83% | 85% | 85% |
MMR1 | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | 84% | 86% | 81% | 83% | 83% |
DTP1 | 100% | 100% | 100% | 87% | 84% | 80% | 82% | 84% | 86% | 86% |
BCG | 100% | 100% | 100% | 90% | 89% | 88% | 84% | 88% | 90% | 86% |
Case Scenario | Theme | Vaccinate % (n) | Delay % (n) | Contraindication % (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fever (38 °C) with normal physical examination and mild flu symptoms in a 5-year-old child | Fever | 11% (30) | 69.6% (190) | 19.4% (53) |
Taking antibiotic therapy and going to receive immunization | Antibiotic therapy | 52.4% (143) | 38.8% (106) | 8.8% (24) |
Breastfeeding a healthy 9-month-old baby | Breastfeeding | 94.5% (258) | 1.8% (5) | 3.7% (10) |
MMR immunization with egg allergy | Egg allergy | 41.4% (113) | 7.3% (20) | 51.3% (140) |
Mild, non-anaphylactic allergic reaction prior to previous vaccination | Mild allergic reaction | 93.8% (256) | 2.6% (7) | 3.6% (10) |
History of autoimmune diseases such as agammaglobulinemia prior to varicella immunization | Autoimmune diseases | 27% (74) | 12.5% (34) | 60.4% (165) |
History of living with immunosuppressed people for rotavirus immunization | Living with an immunosuppressed person | 87.2% (238) | 7.3% (20) | 5.5% (15) |
Patient discharged for influenza, however, presents mild symptoms | Convalescence | 53.8% (147) | 39.2% (107) | 7% (19) |
2-month-old patient with a history of prematurity | Premature | 81.7% (223) | 16.8% (46) | 1.5% (4) |
Patient with a family history of epilepsy to receive DPT immunization | Family history of epilepsy | 91.6% (250) | 2.6% (7) | 5.9% (16) |
Patient with a personal history of epilepsy controlled for immunization of the DPT vaccine | Epilepsy | 79.1% (216) | 6.6% (18) | 14.3% (39) |
12-month-old patient with an allergy to penicillin | Allergy to penicillin | 96.3% (263) | 1.8% (5) | 1.8% (5) |
4-month-old patient who comes to receive the immunization days before the date according to the vaccination schedule | Advanced immunization | 57.5% (157) | 27.5% (75) | 15% (41) |
Taking corticosteroid therapy and going to receive chickenpox immunization | Corticosteroid therapy | 28.6% (78) | 59.7% (163) | 11.7% (32) |
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Andrade-Guerrero, F.; Tapia, A.; Andrade, V.; Vásconez-González, J.; Andrade-Guerrero, J.; Noroña-Calvachi, C.; Izquierdo-Condoy, J.S.; Yeager, J.; Ortiz-Prado, E. False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2023, 11, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010060
Andrade-Guerrero F, Tapia A, Andrade V, Vásconez-González J, Andrade-Guerrero J, Noroña-Calvachi C, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Yeager J, Ortiz-Prado E. False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2023; 11(1):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010060
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrade-Guerrero, Felipe, Adriana Tapia, Vinicio Andrade, Jorge Vásconez-González, José Andrade-Guerrero, Carlos Noroña-Calvachi, Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy, Justin Yeager, and Esteban Ortiz-Prado. 2023. "False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 11, no. 1: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010060
APA StyleAndrade-Guerrero, F., Tapia, A., Andrade, V., Vásconez-González, J., Andrade-Guerrero, J., Noroña-Calvachi, C., Izquierdo-Condoy, J. S., Yeager, J., & Ortiz-Prado, E. (2023). False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 11(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010060