Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Survey Development
2.3. Survey Implementation
2.4. Sample Size
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | n (%) |
---|---|
Sex
| 108 (28.1) 278 (71.9) |
Age
| 149 (38.6) 155 (40.2) 63 (16.3) 15 (3.9) 4 (1.0) |
Marital Status
| 229 (59.3) 141 (36.5) 14 (3.7) 2 (0.5) |
Living place
| 293 (75.9) 93 (24.1) |
Nationality
| 366 (94.8) 20 (5.2) |
Educational Level
| 2 (0.5) 22 (5.8) 28 (7.3) 235 (60.6) 99 (25.7) |
Employment
| 250 (64.8) 125 (32.3) 11 (2.9) |
Smoking Status
| 124 (32.0) 250 (64.8) 12 (3.1) |
Parameter | Side Effects [0: No, 1: Yes] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | p-Value # | OR | p-Value $ | |
Sex
| Reference 0.438 | 0.003 ^ | 0.382 | 0.027 * |
Age
| Reference 0.897 | 0.606 | --- | --- |
Smoking status
| Reference 1.121 | 0.603 | ---- | ---- |
Infected before vaccination
| Reference 0.697 | 0.081 ^ | 0.700 | 0.085 |
Reported Side Effects | Sex (0: Male; 1: Female) | Age (0: <30 Years Old; 1: ≥30 Years Old) | Smoking Status (0: Non-Smoker; 1: Smoker) | Infected before the Vaccine (0: Yes; 1: No) |
---|---|---|---|---|
p-Value | ||||
Sore arm at the site of injection | 0.684 | 0.801 | 0.450 | 0.588 |
Injection site swelling | 0.908 | 0.870 | 0.546 | 0.896 |
Redness at the injection site | 0.514 | 0.435 | 0.588 | 0.898 |
Discomfort feeling | 0.840 | 0.402 | 0.275 | 0.250 |
Fatigue | 0.105 | 0.704 | 0.591 | 0.621 |
Flu-like symptoms | 0.481 | 0.711 | 0.889 | 0.167 |
High temperature | 0.439 | 0.327 | 0.290 | 0.633 |
Chills | 0.003 * | 0.643 | 0.212 | 0.024 * |
Headache | 0.536 | 0.485 | 0.015 * | 0.888 |
Shortness of breath | 0.209 | 0.801 | 0.450 | 0.125 |
Cough | 0.712 | 0.025 * | 0.019 * | 0183 |
Muscles/joint pain | 0.028 * | 0.610 | 0.589 | 0.686 |
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea | 0.166 | 0.543 | 0.442 | 0.605 |
Sore throat | 0.820 | 0.780 | 0.656 | 0.034 * |
Eye pain | 0.157 | 0.354 | 0.439 | 0.976 |
Runny nose | 0.806 | 0.216 | 0.749 | 0.268 |
Loss or change in the sense of taste or smell | 0.282 | 0.987 | 0.828 | 0.697 |
Anorexia | 0.050 * | 0.550 | 0.372 | 0.502 |
Chest pressure/pain | 0.545 | 0.747 | 0.618 | 0.392 |
Drowsiness | 0.019 * | 0.060 | 0.367 | 0.760 |
Hair loss | 0.015 * | 0.573 | 0.081 | 0.153 |
Tachycardia or heart palpitations | 0.902 | 0.590 | 0.055 | 0.442 |
Lymphadenopathy | 0.157 | 0.934 | 0.811 | 0.976 |
Reported Side Effect | n (%) |
---|---|
Fatigue and tiredness | 144 (80.9) |
Sore arm at the site of injection | 137 (77.0) |
Discomfort | 112 (62.9) |
Muscles/joint pain | 105 (59.0) |
Headache | 99 (55.6) |
Drowsiness | 90 (50.6) |
High temperature | 69 (38.8) |
Chills | 67 (37.6) |
Flu-like symptoms | 54 (30.3) |
Injection site swelling | 50 (28.1) |
Redness at the injection site | 39 (21.9) |
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea | 34 (19.1) |
Hair loss | 32 (18.0) |
Tachycardia or heart palpitations | 30 (16.8) |
Chest pressure/pain | 29 (16.3) |
Shortness of breath | 28 (15.7) |
Runny nose | 23 (12.9) |
Anorexia | 20 (11.2) |
Sore throat | 19 (10.8) |
Cough | 16 (9.0) |
Eye pain | 15 (8.4) |
Lymphadenopathy | 13 (7.3) |
Loss or change in the sense of taste or smell | 10 (5.6) |
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Nassar, R.I.; Barakat, M.; Thiab, S.; El-Hajji, F.; Barqawi, H.; El-Huneidi, W.; Basheti, I.A.; Abu-Gharbieh, E. Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2023, 11, 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010044
Nassar RI, Barakat M, Thiab S, El-Hajji F, Barqawi H, El-Huneidi W, Basheti IA, Abu-Gharbieh E. Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2023; 11(1):44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010044
Chicago/Turabian StyleNassar, Razan I., Muna Barakat, Samar Thiab, Feras El-Hajji, Hiba Barqawi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Iman A. Basheti, and Eman Abu-Gharbieh. 2023. "Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 11, no. 1: 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010044
APA StyleNassar, R. I., Barakat, M., Thiab, S., El-Hajji, F., Barqawi, H., El-Huneidi, W., Basheti, I. A., & Abu-Gharbieh, E. (2023). Web-Based Reporting of Post-Vaccination Symptoms for Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccines in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 11(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010044