Acceptance and Preference for COVID-19 Vaccine among Japanese Residents at Early Stage of the Epidemic in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Study Instrument
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Japan’s Participants
3.2. Effect of Demographic Characteristics on the Attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccines
3.3. Effects of Demographic Characteristics on the Vaccine Choice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio-Demographic | N | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | ||
18–29 | 182 | 17.6% |
30–39 | 200 | 19.3% |
40–49 | 207 | 20.0% |
50–59 | 167 | 16.1% |
60–69 | 281 | 27.1% |
Gender | ||
Male | 456 | 44.0% |
Female | 581 | 56.0% |
Highest education level | ||
Secondary school and below | 237 | 22.9% |
Certificate/A-level/diploma | 199 | 19.2% |
Bachelor’s degree | 417 | 40.2% |
Postgraduate degree | 184 | 17.7% |
Ever delayed acceptance of or refused vaccine despite availability of vaccine service | ||
No | 876 | 84.5% |
Yes | 161 | 15.5% |
Demographic | Extremely Likely | Likely | Unlikely | Extremely Unlikely | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 0.007 * | ||||
18–29 | 48 (26.4%) | 83 (45.6%) | 44 (24.2%) | 7 (3.8%) | |
30–39 | 34 (17.0%) | 89 (44.5%) | 67 (33.5%) | 10 (5.0%) | |
40–49 | 29 (14.0%) | 87 (42.0%) | 80 (38.6%) | 11 (5.3%) | |
50–59 | 35 (21.0%) | 72 (43.1%) | 55 (32.9%) | 5 (3.0%) | |
60 and above | 73 (26.0%) | 129 (45.9%) | 74 (26.3%) | 5 (1.8%) | |
Gender | <0.001 | ||||
Male | 124 (27.2%) | 225 (49.3%) | 82 (18.0%) | 25 (5.5%) | |
Female | 95 (16.4%) | 235 (40.4%) | 238 (41.0%) | 13 (2.2%) | |
Highest education level | 0.053 | ||||
Secondary school and below | 38 (16.0%) | 104 (43.9%) | 81 (34.2%) | 14 (5.9%) | |
Certificate/A-level/diploma | 35 (17.6%) | 85 (42.7%) | 71 (35.7%) | 8 (4.0%) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 99 (23.7%) | 191 (45.8%) | 117 (28.1%) | 10 (2.4%) | |
Postgraduate degree | 47 (25.5%) | 80 (43.5%) | 51 (27.7%) | 6 (3.3%) | |
Ever delayed acceptance of or refuse vaccine despite availability of vaccine service | <0.001 | ||||
No | 201 (22.9%) | 407 (46.5%) | 243 (27.7%) | 25 (2.9%) | |
Yes | 18 (11.2%) | 53 (32.9%) | 77 (47.8%) | 13 (8.1%) |
Demographic | Participants (N = 1037) | Extremely Unlikely/Unlikely vs. Extremely Likely/Likely to Accept COVID-19 Vaccination | |
---|---|---|---|
Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | ||
Age, years | |||
18–29 | 182 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
30–39 | 200 | 1.61 (1.04, 2.48) * | 1.63 (1.04, 2.58) * |
40–49 | 207 | 2.01 (1.32, 3.09) * | 1.88 (1.20, 2.58) * |
50–59 | 167 | 1.44 (0.91, 2.26) | 1.25 (0.77, 2.03) |
60 and above | 281 | 1.00 (0.66, 1.52) | 0.80 (0.51, 1.26) |
Gender | |||
Male | 456 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Female | 581 | 2.48 (1.89, 3.26) * | 2.66 (1.99, 3.58) * |
Highest education attainment | |||
Secondary school and below | 237 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Certificate/A-level/diploma | 199 | 0.98 (0.66, 1.44) | 0.82 (0.53, 1.23) |
Bachelor’s degree | 417 | 0.65 (0.46, 0.91) * | 0.73 (0.51, 1.05) |
Postgraduate degree | 184 | 0.67 (0.44, 1.00) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.00) |
Ever delayed acceptance of or refuse vaccine despite availability of vaccine service | |||
No | 876 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 161 | 2.87 (2.04, 4.06) * | 3.49 (2.42, 5.05) * |
Demographic | Required Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine a | Effectiveness Threshold of COVID-19 Vaccine b | Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccine c | Duration of COVID-19 Vaccine Protection d | Technology Used in COVID-19 Vaccine e | Producing Country of COVID-19 Vaccine f |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
Age, years | ||||||
18–29 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
30–39 | 1.14 (0.72, 1.82) | 0.83 (0.53, 1.28) | 0.98 (0.55, 1.71) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.58) | 0.69 (0.36, 1.29) | 1.25 (0.80, 1.95) |
40–49 | 0.81 (0.50, 1.30) | 0.58 (0.37, 0.89) * | 1.31 (0.72, 2.39) | 0.86 (0.56, 1.33) | 0.81 (0.43, 1.50) | 1.52 (0.96, 2.41) |
50–59 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.31) | 0.46 (0.29, 0.73) * | 1.43 (0.75, 2.78) | 0.77 (0.48, 1.22) | 0.40 (0.17, 0.87) * | 1.38 (0.85, 2.26) |
60 and above | 0.64 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.62 (0.41, 0.94) * | 1.08 (0.62, 1.85) | 0.97 (0.65, 1.46) | 0.44 (0.22, 0.86) * | 1.13 (0.74, 1.73) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Female | 1.56 (1.15, 2.10) * | 1.61 (1.23, 2.10) * | 1.54 (1.06, 2.23) * | 1.42 (1.08, 1.86) * | 1.04 (0.67, 1.63) | 1.68 (1.26, 2.24) * |
Highest education level | ||||||
Secondary school and below | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Certificate/A-level/diploma | 0.87 (0.57, 1.31) | 1.43 (0.94, 2.18) | 1.20 (0.66, 2.21) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.47, 2.03) | 1.49 (0.94, 2.38) |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.64 (0.44, 0.91) * | 0.80 (0.57, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.47) | 0.66 (0.47, 0.93) * | 0.85 (0.46, 1.60) | 1.14 (0.79, 1.65) |
Postgraduate degree | 0.31 (0.18, 0.51) * | 0.89 (0.58, 1.36) | 1.27 (0.70, 2.36) | 0.60 (0.39, 0.91) * | 2.19 (1.17, 4.17) * | 0.92 (0.59, 1.43) |
Ever delayed acceptance of or refused vaccine despite availability of vaccine service | ||||||
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 2.06 (1.42, 2.96) * | 1.23 (0.86, 1.78) | 1.33 (0.80, 2.34) | 2.17 (1.54, 3.07) | 2.11 (1.25, 3.45) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.27) |
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Wu, J.; Cai, G.; Fan, Y.; Arima, K.; Lin, Y.; Wong, L.; Zhang, Z.; Yamamoto, T.; Morita, K.; Yoshikawa, A.; et al. Acceptance and Preference for COVID-19 Vaccine among Japanese Residents at Early Stage of the Epidemic in Japan. Vaccines 2023, 11, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010157
Wu J, Cai G, Fan Y, Arima K, Lin Y, Wong L, Zhang Z, Yamamoto T, Morita K, Yoshikawa A, et al. Acceptance and Preference for COVID-19 Vaccine among Japanese Residents at Early Stage of the Epidemic in Japan. Vaccines. 2023; 11(1):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010157
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jiwen, Guoxi Cai, Yi Fan, Kazuhiko Arima, Yulan Lin, Liping Wong, Zhuo Zhang, Taro Yamamoto, Kouichi Morita, Akira Yoshikawa, and et al. 2023. "Acceptance and Preference for COVID-19 Vaccine among Japanese Residents at Early Stage of the Epidemic in Japan" Vaccines 11, no. 1: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010157