Appraisal of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Romanian Pregnant Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Surveys and Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Background and Obstetrical Characteristics
3.2. Standardized and Unstandardized Questionnaires
3.3. Factors for Acceptance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables * | Vaccinated (n = 184) | Unvaccinated (n = 161) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age range (years) | 0.772 | ||
<25 | 38 (20.7%) | 35 (21.7%) | |
25–34 | 95 (51.6%) | 77 (47.8%) | |
>34 | 51 (27.7%) | 49 (30.4%) | |
Area of Residence | 0.022 | ||
Rural | 57 (31.0%) | 69 (42.9%) | |
Urban | 127 (69.0%) | 92 (57.1%) | |
Relationship Status | 0.182 | ||
Married/concubinage | 171 (92.9%) | 143 (88.8%) | |
Single/divorced/widowed | 13 (7.1%) | 18 (11.2%) | |
Income | 0.042 | ||
Low | 53 (28.8%) | 67 (41.6%) | |
Medium | 98 (53.3%) | 72 (44.7%) | |
High | 33 (17.9%) | 22 (13.7%) | |
Education | 0.001 | ||
Primary education | 10 (5.4%) | 16 (9.9%) | |
High school | 82 (44.6%) | 95 (59.0%) | |
Higher education | 92 (50.0%) | 50 (31.1%) | |
Occupation | 0.740 | ||
Employed/self-employed | 153 (83.2%) | 136 (84.5%) | |
Unemployed | 31 (16.8%) | 25 (15.5%) | |
Behavior | 0.026 | ||
Frequent alcohol consumption | 6 (3.3%) | 8 (5.0%) | |
Frequent smoker | 18 (9.8%) | 29 (18.0%) | |
COVID-19 vaccine | |||
BNT162b2 | 163 (88.6%) | - | - |
mRNA-1273 | 18 (9.8%) | - | - |
Ad26.COV2.S | 3 (1.6%) | - | - |
Variables * | Vaccinated (n = 184) | Unvaccinated (n = 161) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Gravidity | 0.754 | ||
1 | 94 (51.1%) | 88 (54.7%) | |
2 | 72 (39.1%) | 60 (37.3%) | |
≥3 | 18 (9.8%) | 13 (8.1%) | |
Parity | 0.881 | ||
1 | 99 (53.8%) | 90 (55.9%) | |
2 | 74 (40.2%) | 63 (39.1%) | |
≥3 | 11 (6.0%) | 8 (5.0%) | |
Trimester of pregnancy | 0.002 | ||
1 | 32 (17.4%) | 40 (24.8%) | |
2 | 64 (34.8%) | 73 (45.3%) | |
3 | 88 (47.8%) | 48 (29.8%) | |
Pregnancy-associated complications ** | 0.362 | ||
0 | 147 (79.9%) | 138 (85.7%) | |
1 | 32 (17.4%) | 20 (12.4%) | |
≥ 2 | 5 (2.7%) | 3 (1.9%) | |
Body mass index *** | 0.780 | ||
Normal weight | 136 (73.9%) | 124 (77.0%) | |
Overweight | 30 (16.3%) | 24 (14.9%) | |
Obese | 18 (9.8%) | 13 (8.1%) | |
History of pregnancy loss | 0.371 | ||
None | 146 (79.3%) | 135 (83.9%) | |
Medical abortion | 6 (3.3%) | 8 (5.0%) | |
Stillbirth (<20 weeks) | 13 (7.1%) | 7 (4.3%) | |
Miscarriage (>20 weeks) | 19 (10.3%) | 11 (6.8%) | |
Comorbidities | |||
Cardiovascular | 7 (3.8%) | 4 (2.5%) | 0.486 |
Metabolic | 4 (2.2%) | 4 (2.5%) | 0.848 |
Autoimmune | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.382 |
Respiratory | 9 (4.9%) | 7 (4.3%) | 0.810 |
Other | 4 (2.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0.508 |
History of depression | 6 (3.3%) | 6 (3.7%) | 0.813 |
Variables * | Vaccinated (n = 184) | Unvaccinated (n = 161) | p |
---|---|---|---|
HADS | |||
Anxiety | 7.3 ± 4.1 | 6.2 ± 4.0 | 0.012 |
Depression | 6.4 ± 3.5 | 5.1 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
Total score | 12.5 ± 5.4 | 10.2 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
SF-12 | |||
Physical | 56.3 ± 7.5 | 55.1 ± 7.0 | 0.127 |
Mental | 53.8 ± 9.1 | 52.4 ± 8.8 | 0.148 |
Total score | 55.2 ± 8.3 | 53.7 ± 7.6 | 0.082 |
CORE-OM | |||
CORE-W | 0.89 ± 0.58 | 0.93 ± 0.62 | 0.536 |
CORE-P | 0.71 ± 0.57 | 0.77 ± 0.58 | 0.334 |
CORE-F | 0.63 ± 0.53 | 0.71 ± 0.56 | 0.174 |
CORE-R | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.28 ± 0.11 | 0.145 |
Total score | 0.80 ± 0.52 | 0.84 ± 0.55 | 0.488 |
Variables * | Vaccinated (n = 184) | Unvaccinated (n = 161) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Influencing factors | |||
Television | 67 (36.4%) | 79 (49.1%) | 0.017 |
Internet | 88 (47.8%) | 66 (41.0%) | 0.202 |
Social media | 46 (25.0%) | 72 (44.7%) | <0.001 |
Family | 28 (15.2%) | 36 (22.4%) | 0.088 |
Friends | 25 (13.6%) | 39 (24.2%) | 0.011 |
Government | 94 (51.1%) | 63 (39.1%) | 0.026 |
Work | 21 (11.4%) | 27 (16.8%) | 0.151 |
Beliefs over factors that can prevent COVID-19 | |||
Social distancing | 96 (52.2%) | 63 (39.1%) | 0.015 |
Thorough hand hygiene | 108 (58.7%) | 68 (42.2%) | 0.002 |
Dieting | 30 (16.3%) | 67 (41.6%) | <0.001 |
Wearing a mask | 132 (71.7%) | 90 (55.9%) | 0.002 |
Avoiding face touching | 72 (39.1%) | 31 (19.3%) | <0.001 |
Natural remedies | 26 (14.1%) | 45 (28.0%) | 0.001 |
Questions | Vaccinated (n = 184) | Unvaccinated (n = 161) | p |
---|---|---|---|
“I care about” | |||
Putting an end to the pandemic | 166 (90.2%) | 129 (80.1%) | 0.007 |
Allowing life to return to normal | 124 (67.4%) | 97 (60.2%) | 0.167 |
Travelling without restrictions | 109 (59.2%) | 62 (38.5%) | <0.001 |
The severity and complications of COVID-19 | 127 (69.0%) | 56 (34.8%) | <0.001 |
COVID-19 vaccines becoming mandatory | 88 (47.8%) | 50 (31.1%) | 0.001 |
What doctors recommend | 70 (38.0%) | 44 (27.3%) | 0.034 |
“I am concerned about” | |||
Vaccination side effects | 51 (27.7%) | 84 (52.2%) | <0.001 |
Vaccination efficacy | 48 (26.1%) | 74 (46.0%) | <0.001 |
COVID-19 being a conspiracy | 11 (6.0%) | 37 (23.0%) | <0.001 |
Vaccination being against my religion | 8 (4.3%) | 12 (7.5%) | 0.218 |
The quality of vaccines received by my country | 15 (8.2%) | 31 (19.3%) | 0.002 |
Vaccine efficacy against new SARS-CoV-2 strains | 19 (10.3%) | 24 (14.9%) | 0.198 |
The technology of COVID-19 vaccines | 60 (32.6%) | 87 (54.0%) | |
“I might be influenced by” | |||
Availability of vaccines near me | 41 (22.3%) | 68 (42.2%) | <0.001 |
Seeing better results against new SARS-CoV-2 infections | 45 (24.5%) | 53 (32.9%) | 0.082 |
Seeing more people getting vaccinated | 26 (14.1%) | 57 (35.4%) | <0.001 |
Clinical trials’ results | 12 (6.5%) | 9 (5.6%) | 0.718 |
Determinants | OR * | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Urban area of residence | 0.86 | 0.59–0.98 | 0.043 |
Higher education | 0.81 | 0.62–0.95 | 0.030 |
Third trimester of pregnancy | 0.54 | 0.28–0.86 | <0.001 |
Trusting the government | 0.83 | 0.59–0.99 | 0.047 |
Caring about travelling | 0.76 | 0.40–0.87 | 0.005 |
Fearing the severity of COVID-19 | 0.68 | 0.34–0.82 | 0.001 |
Availability of vaccination centers nearby | 0.87 | 0.63–0.99 | 0.045 |
Seeing more people getting vaccinated | 0.75 | 0.33–0.88 | <0.001 |
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Citu, C.; Chiriac, V.D.; Citu, I.M.; Gorun, O.M.; Burlea, B.; Bratosin, F.; Popescu, D.-E.; Ratiu, A.; Buca, O.; Gorun, F. Appraisal of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Romanian Pregnant Population. Vaccines 2022, 10, 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060952
Citu C, Chiriac VD, Citu IM, Gorun OM, Burlea B, Bratosin F, Popescu D-E, Ratiu A, Buca O, Gorun F. Appraisal of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Romanian Pregnant Population. Vaccines. 2022; 10(6):952. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060952
Chicago/Turabian StyleCitu, Cosmin, Veronica Daniela Chiriac, Ioana Mihaela Citu, Oana Maria Gorun, Bogdan Burlea, Felix Bratosin, Daniela-Eugenia Popescu, Adrian Ratiu, Oana Buca, and Florin Gorun. 2022. "Appraisal of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Romanian Pregnant Population" Vaccines 10, no. 6: 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060952
APA StyleCitu, C., Chiriac, V. D., Citu, I. M., Gorun, O. M., Burlea, B., Bratosin, F., Popescu, D. -E., Ratiu, A., Buca, O., & Gorun, F. (2022). Appraisal of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Romanian Pregnant Population. Vaccines, 10(6), 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060952