Next Article in Journal
High COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Eye Healthcare Workers in Uganda
Next Article in Special Issue
COVID-19 Vaccines: Fear of Side Effects among German Health Care Workers
Previous Article in Journal
Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change
Previous Article in Special Issue
Safety of Global SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, a Meta-Analysis
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Vaccines
Volume 10
Issue 4
10.3390/vaccines10040608
vaccines-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives

by
Luca Soraci
1,
Fabrizia Lattanzio
2,
Giulia Soraci
3,
Maria Elsa Gambuzza
4,*,
Claudio Pulvirenti
5,
Annalisa Cozza
6,
Andrea Corsonello
1,6,
Filippo Luciani
7 and
Giovanni Rezza
8
1
Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy
2
Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 60121 Ancona, Italy
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
4
Territorial Office of Messina, Italian Ministry of Health, 98122 Messina, Italy
5
USMAF Sicily, Italian Ministry of Health, 90133 Palermo, Italy
6
Laboratory of Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), 87100 Cosenza, Italy
7
Infectious Diseases Unit of Annunziata Hospital, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
8
Health Prevention Directorate, Italian Ministry of Health, 00144 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2022, 10(4), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040608
Submission received: 18 February 2022 / Revised: 4 April 2022 / Accepted: 7 April 2022 / Published: 13 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Strategies for COVID-19)
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.
Keywords: COVID-19; recombinant vaccines; pandemic; S protein; innovative approaches COVID-19; recombinant vaccines; pandemic; S protein; innovative approaches

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Soraci, L.; Lattanzio, F.; Soraci, G.; Gambuzza, M.E.; Pulvirenti, C.; Cozza, A.; Corsonello, A.; Luciani, F.; Rezza, G. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines 2022, 10, 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040608

AMA Style

Soraci L, Lattanzio F, Soraci G, Gambuzza ME, Pulvirenti C, Cozza A, Corsonello A, Luciani F, Rezza G. COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines. 2022; 10(4):608. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040608

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soraci, Luca, Fabrizia Lattanzio, Giulia Soraci, Maria Elsa Gambuzza, Claudio Pulvirenti, Annalisa Cozza, Andrea Corsonello, Filippo Luciani, and Giovanni Rezza. 2022. "COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives" Vaccines 10, no. 4: 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040608

APA Style

Soraci, L., Lattanzio, F., Soraci, G., Gambuzza, M. E., Pulvirenti, C., Cozza, A., Corsonello, A., Luciani, F., & Rezza, G. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines, 10(4), 608. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040608

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop