Media Exposure and Media Credibility Influencing Public Intentions for Influenza Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model and Hypotheses
2.1. Technical Acceptance Model (TAM) and Influenza Vaccination
2.2. Media Communication and Intention to Use
2.3. Media Communication, Perceived Usefulness, and Intention to Use
2.4. Media Exposure, Perceived Ease of Use and Intention to Use
2.5. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Intention to Use
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Questionnaire Design
3.2. Data Collection
4. Results
4.1. Reliability and Validity Test
4.2. Exploratory Factor Analysis
4.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis
4.4. Model Analysis
4.5. Model Evaluation
5. Discussion
5.1. Media Exposure and Intentions for Influenza Vaccination
5.2. Media Credibility and Intentions for Influenza Vaccination
5.3. PU, PEOU, and Intentions for Influenza Vaccination
5.4. Media Exposure and Media Credibility
5.5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Definition | Measurement | Number of Items | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Media exposure | The extent to which users have encountered influenza-related information. | The frequency of reaching diverse media channels. | 13 | Lu and Andrews [57] |
Media credibility | Users’ trust in the communication channels when receiving influenza-related information. | Trust evaluation of media channels that release influenza information. | 13 | Meyer [58] |
Perceived usefulness | Users’ evaluation of the benefits of influenza vaccination. | Evaluation of influenza vaccine knowledge. | 12 | Davis [13] National Health Commission of PRC [59] |
Perceived ease of use | Users’ evaluation of the ease of being vaccinated. | Evaluation of the place, cost, and availability of influenza vaccination. | 3 | Davis [13] |
Intention to use | User intention to accept influenza vaccination. | Evaluation of intentions to voluntarily get vaccinated and recommendations to get vaccinated | 3 | Davis [13] |
Variables | Items | Number | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 299 | 50.1 |
Female | 298 | 49.9 | |
Age | 18–29 | 357 | 39.1 |
30–39 | 154 | 23.4 | |
40–49 | 68 | 10.3 | |
50–59 | 15 | 2.3 | |
Over 60 | 3 | 0.5 | |
Regions | Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou | 72 | 12 |
Provincial capital cities and centrally-administered municipality (exclude Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou) | 125 | 21 | |
Prefecture-level cities | 116 | 19.5 | |
Country-level regions | 138 | 23.1 | |
Towns and villages | 134 | 22.5 | |
others | 12 | 2.0 | |
Education | Middle school and under | 98 | 16.4 |
High school/technical secondary school/technical school | 235 | 39.4 | |
Junior college | 82 | 13.7 | |
Undergraduate | 117 | 19.6 | |
MA and upper | 65 | 10.9 |
Latent Variable | Extract Factor | Ingredients | Cumulative Interpretation Variance (%) | Cronbach’s Alpha | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Media Exposure (ME) | ME1 | 0.864 | 58.249 | 0.864 | ||||
ME2 | 0.931 | |||||||
ME3 | 0.998 | |||||||
Media Credibility (MC) | MC1 | 0.933 | 64.619 | 0.898 | ||||
MC2 | 0.858 | |||||||
MC3 | 0.782 | |||||||
Perceived Usefulness (PU) | PU1 | 0.761 | 67.941 | 0.874 | ||||
PU2 | 0.839 | |||||||
PU3 | 0.775 | |||||||
PU4 | 0.712 | |||||||
Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) | PEU1 | 0.979 | 81.693 | 0.688 | ||||
PEU2 | 0.811 | |||||||
Intention to Use (IU) | IU1 | 0.866 | 90.344 | 0.835 | ||||
IU2 | 0.763 |
Aggregation Validity Analysis | Discriminant Validity Analysis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latent Variables | Items | Loading | AVE | CR | ME | MC | PU | PEU | IU |
MEDIA EXPOSURE (ME) | ME1 | 0.786 | 0.512 | 0.754 | 0.716 | ||||
ME2 | 0.711 | ||||||||
ME3 | 0.617 | ||||||||
MEDIA CREDIBILITY (MC) | MC1 | 0.689 | 0.568 | 0.798 | 0.559 | 0.754 | |||
MC2 | 0.841 | ||||||||
MC3 | 0.738 | ||||||||
PERCEIVED USEFULNESS (PU) | PU1 | 0.732 | 0.506 | 0.801 | 0.295 | 0.477 | 0.711 | ||
PU2 | 0.618 | ||||||||
PU3 | 0.663 | ||||||||
PU4 | 0.829 | ||||||||
PERCEIVED EASE OF USE (PEU) | PEU1 | 0.748 | 0.515 | 0.679 | 0.276 | 0.386 | 0.574 | 0.718 | |
PEU2 | 0.697 | ||||||||
INTENTION TO USE (IU) | IU1 | 0.793 | 0.692 | 0.818 | 0.283 | 0.35 | 0.548 | 0.594 | 0.832 |
IU2 | 0.879 |
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Ning, C.; Guo, D.; Wu, J.; Gao, H. Media Exposure and Media Credibility Influencing Public Intentions for Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines 2022, 10, 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040526
Ning C, Guo D, Wu J, Gao H. Media Exposure and Media Credibility Influencing Public Intentions for Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines. 2022; 10(4):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040526
Chicago/Turabian StyleNing, Chuanlin, Difan Guo, Jing Wu, and Hao Gao. 2022. "Media Exposure and Media Credibility Influencing Public Intentions for Influenza Vaccination" Vaccines 10, no. 4: 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040526