Protective Efficacy of Novel Oral Biofilm Vaccines against Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Infection in Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Fish Maintenance
2.2.1. Bacterial Strains
2.2.2. Cultured and Quantified Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Biofilm
2.2.3. Preparation of Feed-Based Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Biofilm Vaccine (PBV), Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Whole-Cell Vaccine (PWV), and Chitosan Particle (CP)
2.3. Vaccination
2.4. Phagocytosis Analyses
2.5. Albumin–Globulin Ratio Analyses
2.6. Serum Lysozyme Assay
2.7. IgM Assay
2.8. Immune-Related Genes Expression by qRT-PCR
2.9. Challenge with Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) Observation of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Biofilm
3.2. Innate Immune Response after Vaccination
3.3. Antibody Production
3.4. Immune-Related Gene Analysis
3.5. Relative Percentage Survival
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Sequence | Reference |
---|---|---|
IL-1β-F | CGACATGGTGCGGTTTCTCT | [27] |
IL-1β-R | CTCTGCTGTGCTGATTACCAGTT | |
TNF-α-F | GCTGCGGCTCGAAGACAAT | [27] |
TNF-α-R | CAGACGGTGCGGATGGAGT | |
TLR 3-F | TCTCCATTCCGTCACCTTCC | [26] |
TLR 3-R | TCATCCAGCCCGTTACTATCC | |
MHC-II-F | CCACCCGAACAAACAGACC | [26] |
MHC-II-R | TGATGCCCCCTCCAACACT | |
IL-8-F | AGTCATTGTCATCTCCATTGCG | [28] |
IL-8-R | AAACTTCTTGGCCTGTCCTTTT | |
β-actin-F | TACGAGCTGCCTGACGGACA | [26] |
β-actin-R | GGCTGTGATCTCCTTCTGC |
Group | Final Mortality (%) | RPS (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
PBV | n = 25 | 32 | 62 |
PWV | n = 25 | 84 | 0 |
CP | n = 25 | 84 | 0 |
PBS | n = 25 | 84 | 0 |
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Su, F.-J.; Chen, M.-M. Protective Efficacy of Novel Oral Biofilm Vaccines against Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Infection in Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus. Vaccines 2022, 10, 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020207
Su F-J, Chen M-M. Protective Efficacy of Novel Oral Biofilm Vaccines against Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Infection in Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus. Vaccines. 2022; 10(2):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020207
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Feng-Jie, and Meei-Mei Chen. 2022. "Protective Efficacy of Novel Oral Biofilm Vaccines against Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Infection in Giant Grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus" Vaccines 10, no. 2: 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020207