Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questions | Choices | Count | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Place | Town | 63 | 23.20 |
City | 110 | 40.60 | |
Metro | 98 | 36.20 | |
Specialty of Dentistry | General Dentist | 56 | 20.70 |
Conservative Dentist | 69 | 25.50 | |
Oral Medicine and Radiology | 39 | 14.40 | |
Prosthodontics | 22 | 8.10 | |
Oral Pathologist | 6 | 2.20 | |
Orthodontics | 15 | 5.50 | |
Pedodontist | 31 | 11.40 | |
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon | 23 | 8.50 | |
Community dentist | 10 | 3.70 | |
Educational qualification | Undergraduate | 43 | 15.90 |
Postgraduate | 216 | 79.70 | |
Higher Degree (PhD/Fellowship) | 12 | 4.40 | |
Gender | Female | 138 | 50.90 |
Male | 133 | 49.10 | |
Marital Status, 3 choices | Single | 88 | 32.50 |
Married | 181 | 66.80 | |
Widow/Widower | 2 | 0.70 | |
Marital Status, 2 choices (divorce merged) | Single | 88 | 32.50 |
Married/Widow/Widower | 183 | 67.50 | |
Age | 25–30 years | 91 | 33.60 |
31–45 years | 142 | 52.40 | |
>45 years | 38 | 14.00 | |
Your living arrangement | Living in Hostel or PG accommodation or Hotel | 54 | 19.90 |
Living with family (spouse and kids) | 136 | 50.20 | |
Living with extended family (Parents/in laws, spouse and children) | 81 | 29.90 | |
Number of years in the profession: | <5 years | 71 | 26.20 |
6–10 years | 73 | 26.90 | |
11–20 years | 86 | 31.70 | |
>20 years | 41 | 15.10 | |
Type of institution you are serving: | Dental College/Medical College/Academic institution | 157 | 57.90 |
Freelancing/visiting on call/Private practice in clinic | 114 | 42.10 | |
Did you start your clinical practice after the end of first wave of COVID-19? | Yes | 218 | 80.40 |
No | 53 | 19.60 | |
If you did start clinical practice after the end of first wave of COVID-19, what was the percent reduction in your practice when compared to before COVID-19 outbreak in India in March 2020: 5 choices | No decrease (as have not been in to clinical practice) | 40 | 14.80 |
Less than 10 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 57 | 21.00 | |
21 to 40 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 95 | 35.10 | |
40 to 60 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 56 | 20.70 | |
More than 60 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 23 | 8.50 | |
If you did start clinical practice after the end of first wave of COVID-19, what was the percent reduction in your practice when compared to before COVID-19 outbreak in India in March 2020: 4 choices | No decrease (as have not been in to clinical practice) | 40 | 14.80 |
Less than 10 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 57 | 21.00 | |
21 to 40 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 95 | 35.10 | |
40 to 60 decrease in practice when compared to before March 2020 | 79 | 29.20 | |
More than 60 | 0 | 0.00 | |
Did you have a salary cut last year due to COVID-19 pandemic | Yes | 103 | 43.50 |
No | 134 | 56.50 | |
Did anyone in your family or friend circle close to you died due to COVID-19 | Yes | 96 | 37.10 |
No | 163 | 62.90 | |
Have you taken a vaccine for COVID-19 | No | 0 | 0.00 |
Only one dose | 26 | 9.60 | |
Yes both doses | 245 | 90.40 | |
When compared to first wave of COVID-19 last year how will you rate the COVID-19 this year | Same as last year | 4 | 1.50 |
Moderately bad | 16 | 5.90 | |
Very bad | 70 | 25.80 | |
Extremely bad | 181 | 66.80 |
Categories | N | Type of Institution You Are Serving: | Chi Square p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Academic Institution N (%) | Freelancing//Private Practice N (%) | ||||
1. When compared to before the Corona pandemic (before 2019), is treating an individual in emergency situations (such as trauma involving face and oral region) highly stressful? | Strongly Disagree | 9 | 5 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 0.462 0.927 |
Disagree | 30 | 17 (10.8) | 13 (11.4) | ||
Agree | 167 | 95 (60.5) | 72 (63.2) | ||
Strongly Agree | 65 | 40 (25.5) | 25 (21.9) | ||
2. Is it very stressful to balance caring for patients against concerns of contracting COVID-19 and spreading the virus to family, colleagues and other patients? | Strongly Disagree | 6 | 5 (3.2) | 1 (0.9) | 2.085 0.555 |
Disagree | 9 | 6 (3.8) | 3 (2.6) | ||
Agree | 141 | 79 (50.3) | 62 (54.4) | ||
Strongly Agree | 115 | 67 (42.7) | 48 (42.1) | ||
3. As a professional, do I fear that I might get sued for any delay in initiating treatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation? | Strongly Disagree | 18 | 11 (7) | 7 (6.1) | 8.516 0.036 * |
Disagree | 128 | 63 (40.1) | 65 (57) | ||
Agree | 109 | 74 (47.1) | 35 (30.7) | ||
Strongly Agree | 16 | 9 (5.7) | 7 (6.1) | ||
4. Am I apprehensive as to whether wearing an N95 respirator will completely protect me from inhaling droplet infection generated during procedures? | Strongly Disagree | 15 | 11 (7) | 4 (3.5) | 3.679 0.298 |
Disagree | 53 | 26 (16.6) | 27 (23.7) | ||
Agree | 162 | 94 (59.9) | 68 (59.6) | ||
Strongly Agree | 41 | 26 (16.6) | 15 (13.2) | ||
5. At times, do I have doubts as to whether hand wash and fumigation will really eliminate the virus? | Strongly Disagree | 22 | 15 (9.6) | 7 (6.1) | 3.526 0.317 |
Disagree | 57 | 29 (18.5) | 28 (24.6) | ||
Agree | 150 | 85 (54.1) | 65 (57) | ||
Strongly Agree | 42 | 28 (17.8) | 14 (12.3) | ||
6. Is it extremely stressful for professionals who have concerns about keeping their families safe, while still being able to provide quality care to their patients? | Strongly Disagree | 5 | 4 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | 2.271 0.518 |
Disagree | 7 | 5 (3.2) | 2 (1.8) | ||
Agree | 182 | 101 (64.3) | 81 (71.1) | ||
Strongly Agree | 77 | 47 (29.9) | 30 (26.3) | ||
7. Is it very stressful for professionals to make a decision on whether to take a biopsy of abnormal tissue in the oral cavity immediately or delay it for some time? | Strongly Disagree | 9 | 4 (2.5) | 5 (4.4) | 2.59 0.459 |
Disagree | 67 | 41 (26.1) | 26 (22.8) | ||
Agree | 164 | 91 (58) | 73 (64) | ||
Strongly Agree | 31 | 21 (13.4) | 10 (8.8) | ||
8. As a professional, I am troubled by thoughts on what to do if I develop an upper respiratory tract infection. Should I tell family and colleagues (who may get unduly worried) and self-quarantine until the COVID-19 test report arrives? | Strongly Disagree | 15 | 10 (6.4) | 5 (4.4) | 1.82 0.611 |
Disagree | 44 | 24 (15.3) | 20 (17.5) | ||
Agree | 142 | 86 (54.8) | 56 (49.1) | ||
Strongly Agree | 70 | 37 (23.6) | 33 (28.9) | ||
9. Is it stressful for me as a professional to take a decision on whether to start an emergency procedure (such as tracheotomy, RCT, foreign body retrieval) in the time of the pandemic? | Strongly Disagree | 14 | 8 (5.1) | 6 (5.3) | 1.92 0.589 |
Disagree | 59 | 30 (19.1) | 29 (25.4) | ||
Agree | 159 | 94 (59.9) | 65 (57) | ||
Strongly Agree | 39 | 25 (15.9) | 14 (12.3) | ||
10. Am I worried whether we should screen all patients entering the clinic/hospital and whether we should insist on a COVID-19 test report before treating them in the pandemic period? | Strongly Disagree | 6 | 3 (1.9) | 3 (2.6) | 2.693 0.441 |
Disagree | 45 | 22 (14) | 23 (20.2) | ||
Agree | 161 | 94 (59.9) | 67 (58.8) | ||
Strongly Agree | 59 | 38 (24.2) | 21 (18.4) | ||
11. It is a matter of concern for me to think whether we have adequate quantity and quality of personal protective equipment (PPE) at work. | Strongly Disagree | 7 | 3 (1.9) | 4 (3.5) | 5.985 0.112 |
Disagree | 39 | 21 (13.4) | 18 (15.8) | ||
Agree | 163 | 89 (56.7) | 74 (64.9) | ||
Strongly Agree | 62 | 44 (28) | 18 (15.8) | ||
12. Compared to before these experiences, my spiritual faith has strengthened. | Strongly Disagree | 12 | 6 (3.8) | 6 (5.3) | 0.505 0.918 |
Disagree | 59 | 33 (21) | 26 (22.8) | ||
Agree | 142 | 84 (53.5) | 58 (50.9) | ||
Strongly Agree | 58 | 34 (21.7) | 24 (21.1) | ||
13. I am apprehensive whether vaccination will prevent me from getting infected and developing severe issues. | Strongly Disagree | 20 | 10 (6.4) | 10 (8.8) | 9.23 0.026 * |
Disagree | 79 | 49 (31.2) | 30 (26.3) | ||
Agree | 151 | 80 (51) | 71 (62.3) | ||
Strongly Agree | 21 | 18 (11.5) | 3 (2.6) | ||
14. The recent critical situations due to COVID-19 keeps coming in mind and is affecting my work. | Not at all | 19 | 9 (5.9) | 10 (8.8) | 4.911 0.178 |
Some times | 137 | 87 (56.9) | 50 (43.9) | ||
Most times | 69 | 37 (24.2) | 32 (28.1) | ||
Always | 42 | 20 (13.1) | 22 (19.3) | ||
15. I have completely lost personal and social aspects that made me happy or gave me peace of mind. | Not at all | 48 | 25 (16.4) | 23 (20.2) | 2.335 0.506 |
Some times | 133 | 74 (48.7) | 59 (51.8) | ||
Most times | 68 | 44 (28.9) | 24 (21.1) | ||
Always | 17 | 9 (5.9) | 8 (7) | ||
16. I feel I am keeping distance from people, avoid interacting with people and am irritated. | Not at all | 60 | 32 (21.3) | 28 (24.6) | 1.763 0.623 |
Some times | 125 | 70 (46.7) | 55 (48.2) | ||
Most times | 59 | 34 (22.7) | 25 (21.9) | ||
Always | 20 | 14 (9.3) | 6 (5.3) | ||
17. I feel I am neglecting many patients who need my help. | Not at all | 93 | 48 (32.2) | 45 (39.8) | 1.871 0.6 |
Some times | 135 | 81 (54.4) | 54 (47.8) | ||
Most times | 28 | 17 (11.4) | 11 (9.7) | ||
Always | 6 | 3 (2) | 3 (2.7) | ||
18. I have difficulty thinking and making decisions about future. | Not at all | 56 | 29 (19.2) | 27 (23.9) | 3.064 0.382 |
Some times | 124 | 71 (47) | 53 (46.9) | ||
Most times | 56 | 31 (20.5) | 25 (22.1) | ||
Always | 28 | 20 (13.2) | 8 (7.1) | ||
19. I am anticipating difficulty in earning for the next few months. | Not at all | 25 | 14 (9.4) | 11 (9.7) | 0.71 0.871 |
Some times | 121 | 72 (48.3) | 49 (43.4) | ||
Most times | 80 | 44 (29.5) | 36 (31.9) | ||
Always | 36 | 19 (12.8) | 17 (15) | ||
20. Worrying about getting sick and putting family to risk puts a lot of strain on me. | Not at all | 11 | 2 (1.3) | 9 (8) | 9.039 0.029 * |
Some times | 102 | 59 (39.1) | 43 (38.1) | ||
Most times | 74 | 40 (26.5) | 34 (30.1) | ||
Always | 77 | 50 (33.1) | 27 (23.9) |
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Rao, L.N.; Shetty, A.; Senthilkumar, P.L.; Rao, P.K.J.; Shetty, H.; Shetty, S.K.; Doddawad, V.G.; Natarajan, S.; Pawar, A.M.; Baliga, M.S.; et al. Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation. Vaccines 2022, 10, 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122081
Rao LN, Shetty A, Senthilkumar PL, Rao PKJ, Shetty H, Shetty SK, Doddawad VG, Natarajan S, Pawar AM, Baliga MS, et al. Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation. Vaccines. 2022; 10(12):2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122081
Chicago/Turabian StyleRao, Lakshmi Nidhi, Aditya Shetty, Priyanka Latha Senthilkumar, Prasanna Kumar J Rao, Heeresh Shetty, Shreya K Shetty, Vidya G Doddawad, Srikant Natarajan, Ajinkya M Pawar, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga, and et al. 2022. "Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation" Vaccines 10, no. 12: 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122081
APA StyleRao, L. N., Shetty, A., Senthilkumar, P. L., Rao, P. K. J., Shetty, H., Shetty, S. K., Doddawad, V. G., Natarajan, S., Pawar, A. M., Baliga, M. S., Luke, A. M., & Karobari, M. I. (2022). Apprehensions and Optimism among Dental Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Evaluation. Vaccines, 10(12), 2081. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122081