Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies
2.3. SARS-CoV-2 IFN-γ Release Assay
2.4. Lymphocyte Counts
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Cohort
3.2. Humoral Vaccination Response Depends on Age, Time after Allo-HCT, Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) Usage and Active Immunosuppression
3.3. Cellular Vaccination Response Depends on Age, Ciclosporin a Usage, Vaccination Scheme and cGvHD
3.4. Influence of Lymphocyte Subsets on Humoral and Cellular Vaccination Response
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Entire Cohort (n = 192) |
---|---|
Age at data cut-off (year), median (range) | 61 (21–83) |
Age at allo-HCT (year), median (range) | 54 (19–79) |
Time from allo-HCT to best humoral response (years), median (range) | 3.3 (0.35–26.03) |
Time from allo-HCT to best cellular response (years), median (range) | 3.4 (0.41–26.03) |
Male, n (%) | 115 (60) |
Female, n (%) | 77 (40) |
Number of vaccinations documented, n (%) | |
1 | 192 (100) |
2 | 177 (92) |
3 | 4 (2) |
Type of vaccination, n (%) | |
mRNA | 129 (67) |
Vector | 20 (10) |
1 mRNA + 1 Vector | 10 (5) |
Unconventionally vaccinated | 2 (1) |
Not documented | 31 (16) |
Baseline disease, n (%) | |
AML | 78 (41) |
ALL | 10 (5) |
MDS | 21 (11) |
MDS/MPN | 6 (3) |
Myeloma | 21 (11) |
Other NHL | 20 (10) |
Immunodeficiency | 5 (3) |
Other | 7 (4) |
Donor type, n (%) | |
MUD | 102 (53) |
MRD | 52 (27) |
MMUD | 29 (15) |
MMRD | 2 (1) |
HAPLO | 7 (4) |
Graft source, n (%) | |
PBSC | 183 (95) |
BM | 9 (5) |
Conditioning intensity | |
MAC | 33 (17) |
RTC | 119 (62) |
RIC | 40 (21) |
CMV, n (%) | |
−/− | 83 (43) |
−/+ | 36 (19) |
+/− | 23 (12) |
+/+ | 50 (26) |
GvHD, n (%) | |
aGvHD | 122 (64) |
aGvHD Grade II or more | 76 (40) |
cGvHD | 111 (58) |
cGvHD moderate or severe | 74 (39) |
Active immunosuppression, n (%) | |
None | 118 (61) |
Ruxolitinib | 23 (12) |
Ciclosporin A | 22 (11) |
Prednisolone | 15 (8) |
Prednisolone dose (mg), median (range) | 10 (2.50–50) |
Everolimus | 6 (3) |
Mycophenolic acid | 2 (1) |
Other | 29 (15) |
Combination of 2 agents | 11 (6) |
Combination of 3 agents | 6 (3) |
Time from vaccination to response (years) | |
For humoral response n = 167 | |
median (IQR) | 0.15 (0.07–0.28) |
For cellular response n = 113 | |
median (IQR) | 0.18 (0.10–0.28) |
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Meyer, T.; Ihorst, G.; Bartsch, I.; Zeiser, R.; Wäsch, R.; Bertz, H.; Finke, J.; Huzly, D.; Wehr, C. Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111782
Meyer T, Ihorst G, Bartsch I, Zeiser R, Wäsch R, Bertz H, Finke J, Huzly D, Wehr C. Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Vaccines. 2022; 10(11):1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111782
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeyer, Thomas, Gabriele Ihorst, Ingrid Bartsch, Robert Zeiser, Ralph Wäsch, Hartmut Bertz, Jürgen Finke, Daniela Huzly, and Claudia Wehr. 2022. "Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation" Vaccines 10, no. 11: 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111782
APA StyleMeyer, T., Ihorst, G., Bartsch, I., Zeiser, R., Wäsch, R., Bertz, H., Finke, J., Huzly, D., & Wehr, C. (2022). Cellular and Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Responses in 192 Adult Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Vaccines, 10(11), 1782. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111782