Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Training of the Field Team
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Laboratory Methodology
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Review
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S. No. | Age | Vaccines |
---|---|---|
1 | Birth (0–11 months) | BCG |
2 | Birth (as soon as possible within 14 days of life) | OPV0 |
3 | 6 Weeks | Pentavalent 1, OPV1 |
4 | 10 Weeks | Pentavalent 2, OPV2 |
5 | 14 Weeks | Pentavalent 3, OPV3 |
6 | 9 Months | Measles, OPV4 |
7 | 18 Months | Measles |
Health Facility | 6–11 Months | 36–48 Months | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Balkh Regional Hospital, BULKH | 81 (7.6%) | 64 (6.2%) | 145 (6.9%) |
Herat Regional Hospital, FARAH | 75 (7.1%) | 79 (7.7%) | 154 (7.4%) |
Ghanzi Provincial Hospital, GHAZNI | 72 (6.8%) | 72 (7.0%) | 144 (6.9%) |
Herat Regional Hospital, HERAT | 67 (6.3%) | 72 (7.0%) | 139 (6.7%) |
Indira Ghandi Hospital and Kochi (Nomad) Hospital, KABUL | 76 (7.2%) | 79 (7.7%) | 155 (7.4%) |
Khost Provincial Hospital, KHOST | 75 (7.1%) | 75 (7.3%) | 150 (7.2%) |
Nangarhar Regional Hospital, KUNAR | 75 (7.1%) | 75 (7.3%) | 150 (7.2%) |
Kunduz Regional Hospital, KUNDUZ | 75 (7.1%) | 74 (7.2%) | 149 (7.1%) |
Nangarhar Regional Hospital, LAGHMAN | 77 (7.3%) | 75 (7.3%) | 152 (7.3%) |
Nangarhar Regional Hospital, NANGARHAR | 71 (6.7%) | 79 (7.7%) | 150 (7.2%) |
Nangarhar Regional Hospital, NORISTAN | 74 (7.0%) | 78 (7.6%) | 152 (7.3%) |
Paktika Provincial Hospital, PAKTIKA | 85 (8.0%) | 65 (6.3%) | 150 (7.2%) |
Paktya Provincial Hospital, PAKITA | 73 (6.9%) | 72 (7.0%) | 145 (6.9%) |
Bost Hospital Lashkargah, HELMAND | 83 (7.8%) | 70 (6.8%) | 153 (7.3%) |
Indicators | 6–11 Months | 36–48 Months | Total |
---|---|---|---|
n = 1068 | n = 1036 | n = 2104 | |
Interview Status | |||
Completed | 1059 (99.2%) | 1029 (99.3%) | 2088 (99.2%) |
Incomplete | 7 (0.7%) | 5 (0.5%) | 12 (0.6%) |
Refused | 2 (0.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | 4 (0.2%) |
Blood sample collected | 1058 (99.9%) | 1028 (99.9%) | 2086 (99.9%) |
Language | |||
Pashtu | 767 (72.4%) | 712 (69.2%) | 1479 (70.8%) |
Dari | 310 (29.3%) | 327 (31.8%) | 637 (30.5%) |
Nuristani | 69 (6.5%) | 68 (6.6%) | 137 (6.6%) |
Female | 466 (44.0%) | 458 (44.5%) | 924 (44.3%) |
Child Age (months) | 9.4 (1.7) | 41.8 (4.8) | 25.4 (16.6) |
Immunization status | |||
Not immunized | 25 (2.4%) | 19 (1.8%) | 44 (2.1%) |
Partially immunized | 276 (26.1%) | 66 (6.4%) | 342 (16.4%) |
Fully immunized | 758 (71.6%) | 944 (91.7%) | 1702 (81.5%) |
Received IPV | 836 (78.9%) | 761 (74.0%) | 1597 (76.5%) |
Received OPV at checkpoint while traveling | 576 (54.4%) | 596 (57.9%) | 1172 (56.1%) |
Live in current residence for 12 months of year | 1052 (99.3%) | 1025 (99.6%) | 2077 (99.5%) |
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Soofi, S.B.; Martinez, M.; Farag, N.H.; Hendley, W.S.; Ehrhardt, D.; Ahmed, I.; Hussain, I.; Weldon, W.; Kassem, A.M. Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101726
Soofi SB, Martinez M, Farag NH, Hendley WS, Ehrhardt D, Ahmed I, Hussain I, Weldon W, Kassem AM. Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study. Vaccines. 2022; 10(10):1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101726
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoofi, Sajid Bashir, Maureen Martinez, Noha H. Farag, William S. Hendley, Derek Ehrhardt, Imran Ahmed, Imtiaz Hussain, William Weldon, and Ahmed M. Kassem. 2022. "Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study" Vaccines 10, no. 10: 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101726
APA StyleSoofi, S. B., Martinez, M., Farag, N. H., Hendley, W. S., Ehrhardt, D., Ahmed, I., Hussain, I., Weldon, W., & Kassem, A. M. (2022). Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study. Vaccines, 10(10), 1726. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101726