Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Virus Classification
3. Replication EIV
4. Pathogenesis
4.1. Clinical
4.2. Molecular
5. Epidemiology
6. Molecular Epidemiology
7. EIV Risk Factors in the Americas
8. Studies on EIV Occurrence and Reported Outbreaks
9. Prevention and Control
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Year | Subtype | Clade | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 1963 | H3N8 | Predivergent | Sight, et al., 2018 [1] |
Brazil | 1980 | H3N8 | ND | Favaro, et al., 2017 [41] |
Canada | 2005 | H3N8 | ND | Diaz, et al., 2010 [45] |
Uruguay | 2012 | H3N8 | FC1 | Perglione, et al., 2016 [46] |
Argentina | 2012 | H3N8 | FC1 | Perglione, et al., 2016 [46] |
Brazil | 2015 | H3N8 | FC1 | Favaro, et al., 2017 [41] |
Argentina | 2018 | H3N8 | FC1 | Perglione, et al., 2020 [47] |
Chile | 2018 | H3N8 | FC1 | Mena, et al., 2018 [40] |
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Gonzalez-Obando, J.; Forero, J.E.; Zuluaga-Cabrera, A.M.; Ruiz-Saenz, J. Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101718
Gonzalez-Obando J, Forero JE, Zuluaga-Cabrera AM, Ruiz-Saenz J. Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas. Vaccines. 2022; 10(10):1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101718
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzalez-Obando, Juliana, Jorge Eduardo Forero, Angélica M Zuluaga-Cabrera, and Julián Ruiz-Saenz. 2022. "Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas" Vaccines 10, no. 10: 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101718
APA StyleGonzalez-Obando, J., Forero, J. E., Zuluaga-Cabrera, A. M., & Ruiz-Saenz, J. (2022). Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas. Vaccines, 10(10), 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101718