Protection Induced by Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus and Virus-like Particles Expressing Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 18
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Ethics
2.2. Cells, Parasites, and Antibodies
2.3. Recombinant Baculovirus (rBV) and VLP Vaccine Generation
2.4. Vaccination and Challenge Infection Schedule
2.5. Sample Preparation
2.6. Antibody Reaction
2.7. Antibody Secreting Cell (ASC) Response
2.8. Flow Cytometry of Immune Cell Populations
2.9. Inflammatory Cytokine Analysis
2.10. Parasite Burden
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Vaccines and Animal Experimental Schedule
3.2. Antibody Response in Immune Serum
3.3. ROP18-Expressing Vaccines Induce Parasite-Specific Antibody Responses in the Intestines and the Brain
3.4. Vaccination Induces Antibody-Secreting Cell Responses
3.5. Activation of CD8+ T Cells and Germinal Center (GC) B Cells in the Spleen and MLN
3.6. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response in the Brain
3.7. Protective Efficacy of the Heterologous Immunization Strategy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yoon, K.-W.; Chu, K.-B.; Kang, H.-J.; Kim, M.-J.; Eom, G.-D.; Mao, J.; Lee, S.-H.; Ahmed, M.A.; Quan, F.-S. Protection Induced by Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus and Virus-like Particles Expressing Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 18. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101588
Yoon K-W, Chu K-B, Kang H-J, Kim M-J, Eom G-D, Mao J, Lee S-H, Ahmed MA, Quan F-S. Protection Induced by Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus and Virus-like Particles Expressing Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 18. Vaccines. 2022; 10(10):1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101588
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon, Keon-Woong, Ki-Back Chu, Hae-Ji Kang, Min-Ju Kim, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Su-Hwa Lee, Md Atique Ahmed, and Fu-Shi Quan. 2022. "Protection Induced by Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus and Virus-like Particles Expressing Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 18" Vaccines 10, no. 10: 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101588