Oxidative Stress-Generating Antimicrobials, a Novel Strategy to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oxidative Stress Response in Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens
3. Molecular Pathways of RONS-Biosynthesis in Immune Cells
4. Antioxidant Systems of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens
4.1. Enzymatic Preventative Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress
4.2. Enzymatic Reparation Mechanisms of Protein Oxidation
5. RONS-Producing Anti-infectives Are an Attractive Strategy to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance
6. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibiotic | Primary Mechanism of Action | Microorganism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Erythromycin | Protein synthesis inhibition | Rhodococcus equi | [109] |
Rifampicin | RNA synthesis inhibition | Rhodococcus equi | [109] |
Vancomycin | Cell wall synthesis inhibition | Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rhodococcus equi Staphylococcus aureus | [106] [109] [103] |
Norfloxacin | DNA gyrase inhibition | Rhodococcus equi Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli | [109] [103] [104] |
Clofazimine | DNA replication inhibition | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | [106] |
Ethambutol | Cell wall synthesis inhibition | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | [106] |
Isoniazid | Cell wall synthesis inhibition | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | [106] |
Quinones | Different cellular targets | Enterococcus sp. Streptococcus sp. Staphylococcus sp. Moraxela catarrhalis | [113] [113] [113] [113] |
Metal oxide nanoparticles | Undefined | Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epiderdimis Photobacterium phosphoreum | [91] [97] [97] [98] |
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Mourenza, Á.; Gil, J.A.; Mateos, L.M.; Letek, M. Oxidative Stress-Generating Antimicrobials, a Novel Strategy to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050361
Mourenza Á, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Letek M. Oxidative Stress-Generating Antimicrobials, a Novel Strategy to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(5):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050361
Chicago/Turabian StyleMourenza, Álvaro, José A. Gil, Luís M. Mateos, and Michal Letek. 2020. "Oxidative Stress-Generating Antimicrobials, a Novel Strategy to Overcome Antibacterial Resistance" Antioxidants 9, no. 5: 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050361