Modulation of Oxidative Stress by Ozone Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Review and Prospects
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Research Unit, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Chronic Pain Unit, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Radiation Oncology Department, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Universitary Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), Molecular and Translational Pharmacology Group, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Spanish Group of Clinical Research in Radiation Oncology (GICOR), 28290 Madrid, Spain
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Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Scientific Advisor, Freelance, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit of Hospital Gregorio Marañon and the Health Research Institute of Hospital Gregorio Marañon (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Medical Oncology Department, Dr. Negrín University Hospital, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, 12713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Alfaisal University, 11533 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2019, 8(12), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120588
Received: 29 October 2019 / Revised: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 23 November 2019 / Published: 26 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Free Radical Research in Cancer)
(1) Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy attempt to kill tumor cells by different mechanisms mediated by an intracellular increase of free radicals. However, free radicals can also increase in healthy cells and lead to oxidative stress, resulting in further damage to healthy tissues. Approaches to prevent or treat many of these side effects are limited. Ozone therapy can induce a controlled oxidative stress able to stimulate an adaptive antioxidant response in healthy tissue. This review describes the studies using ozone therapy to prevent and/or treat chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and how its effect is linked to a modification of free radicals and antioxidants. (2) Methods: This review encompasses a total of 13 peer-reviewed original articles (most of them with assessment of oxidative stress parameters) and some related works. It is mainly focused on four drugs: Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, and Bleomycin. (3) Results: In experimental models and the few existing clinical studies, modulation of free radicals and antioxidants by ozone therapy was associated with decreased chemotherapy-induced toxicity. (4) Conclusions: The potential role of ozone therapy in the management of chemotherapy-induced toxicity merits further research. Randomized controlled trials are ongoing.
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Keywords:
antioxidants; bleomycin; cancer treatment; chemotherapy-induced toxicity; cisplatin; doxorubicin; free radicals; methotrexate; oxidative stress; ozone therapy
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Clavo, B.; Rodríguez-Esparragón, F.; Rodríguez-Abreu, D.; Martínez-Sánchez, G.; Llontop, P.; Aguiar-Bujanda, D.; Fernández-Pérez, L.; Santana-Rodríguez, N. Modulation of Oxidative Stress by Ozone Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Review and Prospects. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 588.
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