Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Material
Sample No. | General Name | Botanical Name | Family | Locations |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Linseed | Linum usitatissimum | FLinaceae | Akören-Konya |
2 | Apricot (sweet) | Prunus armeniaca | Rosacea | Beybes-Konya |
3 | Apricot (bitter) | Prunus armeniaca | Rosaceae | Beybes-Konya |
4 | Pear | Pyrus communis | Rosaceae | Ankara |
5 | Fennel (dulce) | Foeniculum vulgare | Apicaceae | Konya |
6 | Peanut | Arachis hypogaea | Leguminaceae | Silifke-Mersin |
7 | Apple (Golden) | Malus communis | Rosaceae | Eğridir-Isparta |
8 | Apple (Starking) | Malus communis | Rosaceae | Hadim-Konya |
9 | Cotton | Gossypium hirsutum | Malvaceae | Adana |
10 | Quince | Cydonia vulgaris | Malvaceae | Beybes-Konya |
11 | Chufa | Cyperus esculentus | Cyperaceae | Çumra-Konya |
12 | Apple (Starking) | Malus communis | Rosaceae | Karaman |
2.2. Reagents
2.3. Oil Content
2.4. Fatty Acid Composition
2.5. Vitamin-E-Active Compounds
3. Results and Discussion
Oil | 16:0 | 16:1-δ-7 | 16:1-δ-9 | 18:0 | Sum 18:1 | 18:1-δ-9 | 18:1-δ-11 | 18:2-δ-9,12 | 20:1-δ-11 | 18:3-δ-9,12,15 | 18:4-δ-6,9,12,15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linseed | 33.6 | 4.9 | n.d. | 0.1 | 4.8 | n.d. | 20.2 | 0.6 | 15.0 | 0.4 | 53.2 | n.d. |
Apricot (sweet) | 53.4 | 4.9 | n.d. | 0.6 | 1.1 | n.d. | 68.3 | 1.4 | 23.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Apricot (bitter) | 45.2 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | n.d. | 57.8 | 1.8 | 31.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Pear (Ankara) | 31.7 | 9.0 | n.d. | 0.2 | 2.1 | n.d. | 31.8 | 0.5 | 53.6 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Fennel (Dulce) | 18.2 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 80.5 | 12.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | n.d. | ||
Peanut | 38.3 | 9.5 | n.d. | 0.1 | 3.2 | n.d. | 52.5 | n. d. | 28.3 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
Apple (Golden) | 21.9 | 7.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.9 | n.d. | 35.7 | 0.5 | 51.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Apple (Starking) | 25.6 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 0.10 | 2.0 | n.d. | 40.4 | n. d. | 48.1 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Cotton | 27.0 | 21.9 | n.d. | 0.5 | 2.3 | n.d. | 14.6 | 0.7 | 56.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Quince | 16.9 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.5 | n.d. | 33.8 | 0.6 | 55.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Chufa | 17.3 | 14.5 | n.d. | 0.1 | 2.7 | n.d. | 62.4 | 0.9 | 17.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Apple (Starking) | 23.5 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.1 | n.d. | 38.8 | 0.3 | 49.6 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
α-T | α-T3 | β-T | γ-T | P-8 | γ-T3 | δ-T | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linseed | 0.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 39.0 | 13.5 | n.d. | 0.5 |
Apricot (Sweet) | 2.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 67.3 | n.d. | n.d. | 2.2 |
Apricot (Bitter) | 3.1 | n.d. | n.d. | 81.0 | n.d. | n.d. | 2.5 |
Pear (Ankara) | 5.4 | n.d. | 0.2 | 55.6 | 0.6 | n.d. | 1.3 |
Fennel (Dulce) | n.d. | 1.4 | n.d. | 0.5 | n.d. | 18.2 | n.d. |
Peanut | 14.9 | n.d. | 0.5 | 16.9 | n.d. | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Apple (Golden) | 51.4 | n.d. | 28.3 | 6.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 3.5 |
Apple (Starking) | 54.4 | n.d. | 30.9 | 0.5 | n.d. | n.d. | 1.7 |
Cotton | 36.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 48.7 | 1.1 | n.d. | 0.3 |
Quince | 49.6 | 3.2 | 27.8 | 8.2 | n.d. | n.d. | 5.2 |
Chufa | 68.5 | n.d. | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | n.d. | n.d. |
Apple (Starking) | 60.5 | 0.3 | 34.3 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Femenia, A.; Rossello, C.; Mulet, A.; Canellas, J. Chemical composition of bitter and sweet apricot kernels. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 356–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamel, B.S.; Kakuda, Y. Characterization of the seed oil and meal from apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach and plum. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1992, 69, 492–494. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nehdi, I.A. Characteristics and composition of Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H Wendl. seed and seed oil. Food Chem. 2011, 126, 197–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nehdi, I.A. Characteristics, chemical composition and utilisation of Albizia julibrissin seed oil. Ind. Crops Prod. 2011, 33, 30–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nogala-Kalucka, M.; Rudzinska, M.; Zadernowski, R.; Siger, A.; Krzyzostaniak, I. Phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of seeds of unconventional oil plants. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2010, 87, 1481–1487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdel-Rahaman, A.-H.Y. A study on some Egyptian citrus seed oils. Grasas Aceit. 1980, 31, 331–333. [Google Scholar]
- Oilseeds—Determination of Hexane Extract (or Light Petroleum Extract), Called “Oil Content”; International Standard ISO 659:1998; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
- Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils—Preparation of Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids; International Standard ISO 5509:2000; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.
- Balz, M.; Schulte, E.; Thier, H.-P. Trennung von Tocopherolen und Tocotrienolen durch HPLC. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 1992, 94, 209–213. [Google Scholar]
- Teneva, O.T.; Zlatanov, M.D.; Antova, G.A. Lipid composition of flaxseeds. Bulg. Chem. Comm. 2014, 36, 157–163. [Google Scholar]
- Dubois, V.; Breton, S.; Linder, M.; Fani, J.L.; Parmentier, M. Fatty acid profiles of 80 vegetable oils with regard to their nutritional potential. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2007, 109, 710–732. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, M.; No, S.; Yoon, S.H. Stereospecific analysis of fatty acid composition of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) tuber oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2007, 84, 1079–1080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eteshola, E.; Oraedu, A.C.I. Fatty acid compositions of tiger nut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and their mixture. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1996, 73, 255–257. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Reiter, B.; Lechner, M.; Lorbeer, E. The fatty acid profiles—including petroselinic and cis-vaccenic acid—of different Umbelliferae seed oils. Lipid Fett 1998, 100, 498–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kostik, V.; Memeti, S.; Bauer, B. Fatty acid composition of edible oils and fats. J. Hyg. Eng. Des. 2013, 4, 112–116. [Google Scholar]
- Seher, V.A.; Gundlach, U. Isomere monoensauren in Pflanzenölen. Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 1982, 84, 342–349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dambroth, V.M.; Kluding, H.; Seehuber, R. Vegetable oils as raw materials of industry—A contribution of agriculture to secure the raw materials. Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 1982, 84, 173–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Overeem, A.; Buisman, G.J.H.; Derksen, J.T.P.; Cuperus, F.P.; Molhoek, L.; Grisnich, W.; Goemans, C. Seed oils rich in linolenic acid as renewable feedstock for environment-friendly in powder coatings. Ind. Crops Prod. 1999, 10, 157–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ryan, E.; Galvin, K.; O’Connor, T.P.; Maguire, A.R. Phytosterol, squalene, tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of selected seeds, rains, and legumes. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2007, 62, 85–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, J.; Gao, H.; Zhao, L.; Liao, X.; Chen, F.; Wang, Z.; Hu, X. Chemical compositional characterization of some apple cultivars. Food Chem. 2007, 103, 88–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yazıcıoğlu, T.; Karaali, A. On the fatty acid composition of Turkish vegetable oils. Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 1983, 85, 23–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beringer, H.; Dompert, W.U. Fatty acid and tocopherol pattern in oil seeds. Fette Seifen Anstrichm. 1976, 78, 228–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamal-Eldin, A.; Andersson, R.A. A multivariate study of the correlation between tocopherol content and fatty acid compostion in vegetable oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1997, 74, 375–380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stephens, N.G.; Parsons, A.; Schofield, P.M.; Kelly, F.; Cheeseman, K.; Mitchinson, M.J. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet 1996, 347, 781–786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jiang, Q.; Elson-Schwab, I.; Courtemanche, C.; Ames, B.N. γ-tocopherol and its major metabolite, in contrast to α-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages and epithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000, 97, 11494–11499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jiang, Q.; Lykkesfeldt, J.; Shigenaga, M.K.; Shigeno, E.T.; Christen, S.; Ames, B.N. γ-tocopherol supplementation inhibits protein nitration and ascorbate oxidation in rats with inflammation. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2002, 33, 1534–1542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hensley, K.; Benaksas, E.J.; Bolli, R.; Comp, P.; Grammas, P.; Hamdheydari, L.; Mou, S.; Pye, Q.N.; Stoddard, M.F.; Wallis, G.; et al. New perspectives on vitamin E: γ-tocopherol and carboxyethylhydroxylchroman metabolites in biology and medicine. Free Rad. Bio. Med. 2004, 36, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Olejnik, D.; Gogolewski, M.; Nogala-Kalucka, M. Isolation and some properties of plastochromanol-8. Nahrung 1997, 41, 101–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pongracz, G.; Weiser, H.; Matzinger, D. Tocopherole—Antioxidantien der natur. Fat Sci. Technol. 1995, 97, 90–104. [Google Scholar]
- Papas, A.M. Oil-soluble antioxidants in foods. Toxicol. Ind. Health 1993, 9, 123–149. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Elmadfa, I.; Wagner, K.-H. Vitamin E und Haltbarkeit von Pflanzenölen. Fett Lipid 1997, 99, 234–238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- AOCS. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oils, Fats and Waxes; AOCS Press: Champaign, IL, USA, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Matthäus, B.; Vosmann, K.; Long Quoc, P.; Aitzetmüller, K. FA and tocopherol composition of Vietnamese oilseeds. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2003, 80, 1013–1020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Matthäus, B.; Musazcan Özcan, M. Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils. Antioxidants 2015, 4, 124-133. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4010124
Matthäus B, Musazcan Özcan M. Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils. Antioxidants. 2015; 4(1):124-133. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4010124
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthäus, Bertrand, and Mehmet Musazcan Özcan. 2015. "Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils" Antioxidants 4, no. 1: 124-133. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4010124
APA StyleMatthäus, B., & Musazcan Özcan, M. (2015). Oil Content, Fatty Acid Composition and Distributions of Vitamin-E-Active Compounds of Some Fruit Seed Oils. Antioxidants, 4(1), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4010124