Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and AT Dysfunction
3. Mg
4. Mg Deficiency, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress
5. Role of Mg in Adipose Tissue: Preclinical Evidence
Study | Type of Animal | Treatment | Treatment Duration | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Devaux et al. [53] | Male Sprague Dawley young rats (YR) vs. old rats (OR) | Diet with Mg deficiency | 22 mo | YR adipocytes hyperplasia; OR hypotrophy of adipocytes |
Boparai et al. [55] | Male Wistar rats | High sucrose (HS); low Mg (LM); HSLM | 12 wk | HSLM ↑ of TBARS and PCO (plasma and liver) |
Kurstjens et al. [57] | Male C57BL6/J mice | normal Mg Low-fat diet (NMLFD); NM High fat diet (NMHFD); LMLFD; LMHFD | 17 wk | LM ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, fasting glucose ↓, insulin sensitivity ↑; absence of liver steatosis; ↑ BAT Ucp1 m-RNA expression, and higher body temperature |
Zhong et al. [59] | Flox and ATKO mice | HFD; TRPM7 inhibition | 16 wk | ATKO have less body weight than Flox, ↓ % of macrophage in WAT, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 |
Madaris et al. [68] | Male WT and MRS2−/− KO mice | HFD; Western Diet (WD) | 12 mo | MRS2−/− KO in WD no weight gain and ↑ mitochondrial activity and BAT |
Choudary et al. [56] | Male Wistar rats | LM; HS; HSLM | 3 mo | ↓ SOD, catalase and GST in HSLM |
6. Mg, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation: Clinical Evidence
Study | Year | Type of Trial | Mg mg Per Day | Mg Formulation | Timing of Administration (Weeks) | N° Subjects | Subjects’ Description | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cheung et al. [87] | 2022 | RCT DB, parallel | 360 | Mg glycinate | 12 | 95 | Healthy ow and ob 25 < BMI < 40 | ↑ in Vit D absorption and ↓ systolic BP, no effects on IL-6; MCP-1, adiponectin, and CRP |
Toprak et al. [76] | 2017 | RCT DB, parallel | 365 | Mg oxide | 12 | 128 | Hypomagnesemic, pre-diabetic, ob with mild-to-moderate CKD | ↓ of IR; HOMA-IR; HbA1c; insulin; WC and UA with an ↑ albumin and serum Mg level |
Chacko et al. [88] | 2011 | RCT DB, cross-over | 500 | Mg citrate | 4 | 14 | Healthy ow BMI > 25 | ↓ fasting C-peptide and insulin; no effects on inflammatory markers |
Petrovic’ et al. [91] | 2016 | CT, parallel | 500 | Mg oxide | 4 | 23 | Young male rugby student vs. sedentary student | ↓ DNA oxidative damage in lymphocyte |
Vongpatanasin et al. [92] | 2016 | RCT DB, cross-over | 243 | Potassium Mg citrate | 4 | 30 | Pre- or hypertensive subjects | ↓ of urinary 8-isoprostane |
Mousavi et al. [93] | 2021 | RCT DB, parallel | 250 | Mg oxide | 8 | 84 | PCOS women BMI < 35 | No effect on TAC, ↓ CRP |
Bede et al. [94] | 2008 | RCT DB, parallel | 200–290 | Mg citrate | 12 | 40 | Children with atopic asthma | ↑ GSH, no effect on GSH/GSSG |
7. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Cazzola, R.; Della Porta, M.; Piuri, G.; Maier, J.A. Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893
Cazzola R, Della Porta M, Piuri G, Maier JA. Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(8):893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893
Chicago/Turabian StyleCazzola, Roberta, Matteo Della Porta, Gabriele Piuri, and Jeanette A. Maier. 2024. "Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue" Antioxidants 13, no. 8: 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893
APA StyleCazzola, R., Della Porta, M., Piuri, G., & Maier, J. A. (2024). Magnesium: A Defense Line to Mitigate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants, 13(8), 893. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080893