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Antioxidants
Volume 12
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10.3390/antiox12111935
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Article

Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

by
Eun-Bin Kwon
1,
Young Soo Kim
1,
Buyun Kim
1,
Se-Gun Kim
2,
Sung-Joon Na
3,
Younghoon Go
1,
Hong Min Choi
2,
Hye Jin Lee
2,
Sang Mi Han
2 and
Jang-Gi Choi
1,*
1
Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
3
Special Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111935
Submission received: 19 September 2023 / Revised: 23 October 2023 / Accepted: 26 October 2023 / Published: 30 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Materials and Their Antioxidant Potential)
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Abstract

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family. It causes serious neurological diseases of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. The current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for preventing HSV-1 infection include acyclovir (ACV) and valacyclovir; however, their long-term use causes severe side effects and often results in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is important to discover new antiviral agents that are safe and effective against HSV-1 infection. Korean chestnut honey (KCH) has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation effects; however, antiviral effects against HSV-1 have not yet been reported. Therefore, we determined the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of KCH after HSV-1 infection on the cellular level. KCH inhibited the HSV-1 infection of host cells through binding and virucidal steps. KCH decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) following HSV-1 infection and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) activity. Furthermore, we found that KCH inhibited the expression of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome during HSV-1 infection. Taken together, the antiviral effects of KCH occur through multiple targets, including the inhibition of viral replication and the ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Our findings suggest that KCH has potential for the treatment of HSV-1 infection and related diseases.
Keywords: HSV-1; KCH; ROS; NF-кB; mitochondria; NLRP3 inflammasome HSV-1; KCH; ROS; NF-кB; mitochondria; NLRP3 inflammasome

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kwon, E.-B.; Kim, Y.S.; Kim, B.; Kim, S.-G.; Na, S.-J.; Go, Y.; Choi, H.M.; Lee, H.J.; Han, S.M.; Choi, J.-G. Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants 2023, 12, 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111935

AMA Style

Kwon E-B, Kim YS, Kim B, Kim S-G, Na S-J, Go Y, Choi HM, Lee HJ, Han SM, Choi J-G. Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants. 2023; 12(11):1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111935

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwon, Eun-Bin, Young Soo Kim, Buyun Kim, Se-Gun Kim, Sung-Joon Na, Younghoon Go, Hong Min Choi, Hye Jin Lee, Sang Mi Han, and Jang-Gi Choi. 2023. "Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway" Antioxidants 12, no. 11: 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111935

APA Style

Kwon, E.-B., Kim, Y. S., Kim, B., Kim, S.-G., Na, S.-J., Go, Y., Choi, H. M., Lee, H. J., Han, S. M., & Choi, J.-G. (2023). Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS–NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants, 12(11), 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111935

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