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Antioxidants
Volume 11
Issue 2
10.3390/antiox11020254
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Article

Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)

by
Nemanja Teslić
1,*,
Filipa Santos
2,
Filipe Oliveira
2,
Alena Stupar
1,
Milica Pojić
1,
Anamarija Mandić
1,
Branimir Pavlić
3,
Aleksandra Cvetanović Kljakić
3,
Ana Rita C. Duarte
2,
Alexandre Paiva
2 and
Aleksandra Mišan
1
1
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2
LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
3
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020254
Submission received: 22 December 2021 / Revised: 14 January 2022 / Accepted: 18 January 2022 / Published: 28 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Foods and Plants)
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Abstract

Defatted raspberry seeds were used as an alternative source of antioxidants and ellagic acid (EA) extracted using Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In the preliminary study, the best NADES combination (citric acid-betaine) and the most influential variables (temperature, time, and NADES/plant ratio) were selected for the further optimization process. All samples were analyzed in terms of total polyphenol, EA content, and antioxidant activity. Two sets of optimal conditions were generated by response surface methodology. The first set (Opt1) was designed for higher conversion of ellagitannins to EA while the latter set (Opt2) for higher EA content/100 g extract. Opt1 and Opt2 had higher values for all investigated responses compared to 80% ethanolic extract but had a lower conversion rate of ellagitannins to EA compared to acidified methanol extract. The third set of parameters (Opt3) selected beyond the initial experimental domain was used to obtain a sample with the highest EA content/100 g extract. Due to their nature, NADES extracts are ready to use and could have various technological roles in products since they are antioxidants, acidifiers, and colorants. NADES raspberry extracts exhibited higher anti-proliferative activity compared to ethanolic extracts in terms of EC50 values. However, the main contributor of anti-cancer activity in NADES raspberry extracts were individual NADES compounds and/or their newly formed NADES structure.
Keywords: ellagic acid; hydrolysis and extraction; by-product valorization; acidic NADES ellagic acid; hydrolysis and extraction; by-product valorization; acidic NADES

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MDPI and ACS Style

Teslić, N.; Santos, F.; Oliveira, F.; Stupar, A.; Pojić, M.; Mandić, A.; Pavlić, B.; Kljakić, A.C.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Paiva, A.; et al. Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). Antioxidants 2022, 11, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020254

AMA Style

Teslić N, Santos F, Oliveira F, Stupar A, Pojić M, Mandić A, Pavlić B, Kljakić AC, Duarte ARC, Paiva A, et al. Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). Antioxidants. 2022; 11(2):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020254

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teslić, Nemanja, Filipa Santos, Filipe Oliveira, Alena Stupar, Milica Pojić, Anamarija Mandić, Branimir Pavlić, Aleksandra Cvetanović Kljakić, Ana Rita C. Duarte, Alexandre Paiva, and et al. 2022. "Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)" Antioxidants 11, no. 2: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020254

APA Style

Teslić, N., Santos, F., Oliveira, F., Stupar, A., Pojić, M., Mandić, A., Pavlić, B., Kljakić, A. C., Duarte, A. R. C., Paiva, A., & Mišan, A. (2022). Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). Antioxidants, 11(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020254

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