Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Ameliorates Glucose Dysmetabolism and Counteracts Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Extraction and Purification of Indicaxanthin
2.2. Animals
2.3. Biochemical Analyses
2.4. Quantification of Hepatic Lipids
2.5. Liver and Adipose Tissue Histology and Immunohistochemistry
2.6. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.7. Tissue Homogenates
2.8. Malondialdehyde (MDA) Assay
2.9. RONS Assay
2.10. Nitrite Assay
2.11. Western Blot Analysis
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Impact of Indicaxanthin Treatment on Body Weight
3.2. Impact of Indicaxanthin Treatment on Adipocyte Morphology
3.3. Impact of Indicaxanthin Treatment on Glucose Dysmetabolism
3.4. Impact of Indicaxanthin Treatment on Lipid Disorders
3.5. Indicaxanthin’s Impact on HFD-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver and Adipose Tissue
3.6. Impact of Indicaxanthin Treatment on HFD-Induced Inflammation in Liver and Adipose Tissue
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer | Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|
TNF-α | 5′-AGCCCACGTCGTAGCAAACCA-3′ | 5′-GCAGGGGCTCTTGACGGCAG-3′ | 260 |
F4-80 | 5′-GCCACGGGGCTATGGGATGC-3′ | 5′-TCCCGTACCTGACGGTTGAGCA-3′ | 360 |
CCL-2 | 5′-TCTGTGCTGACCCCAAGAAGG-3′ | 5′-TGGTTGTGGAAAAGGTAGTGGAT-3′ | 273 |
β-actin | 5′-GGATCCCCGCCCTAGGCACCAGGGT-3′ | 5′-GGAATTCGGCTGGGGTGTTGAAGGTCTCAAA-3′ | 289 |
Protein | Catalogue Number | Clone | Size (kDa) |
---|---|---|---|
COX-2 | sc-376861 | H-3 | 72/70 |
iNOS | sc-7271 | C-11 | 130 |
p-JNK | sc-6254 | G-7 | 54/46 |
p65 | sc-8008 | F-6 | 65 |
INSR β | sc-57342 | CT-3 | 95 |
β-actin | sc-47778 | C4 | 43 |
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Terzo, S.; Attanzio, A.; Calvi, P.; Mulè, F.; Tesoriere, L.; Allegra, M.; Amato, A. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Ameliorates Glucose Dysmetabolism and Counteracts Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010080
Terzo S, Attanzio A, Calvi P, Mulè F, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Amato A. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Ameliorates Glucose Dysmetabolism and Counteracts Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Antioxidants. 2022; 11(1):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010080
Chicago/Turabian StyleTerzo, Simona, Alessandro Attanzio, Pasquale Calvi, Flavia Mulè, Luisa Tesoriere, Mario Allegra, and Antonella Amato. 2022. "Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Ameliorates Glucose Dysmetabolism and Counteracts Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice" Antioxidants 11, no. 1: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010080
APA StyleTerzo, S., Attanzio, A., Calvi, P., Mulè, F., Tesoriere, L., Allegra, M., & Amato, A. (2022). Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit Ameliorates Glucose Dysmetabolism and Counteracts Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Antioxidants, 11(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010080