The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. KDs in the Management of Adult Epilepsy and Refractory Seizures
3. KDs in the Management of Adult Malignant Gliomas
4. KDs in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease
- (1)
- 6–18 weeks of a modified Ketogenic-Mediterranean diet compared to a low-fat diet;
- (2)
- 12 weeks of MAD compared to a recommended diet for seniors to achieve a healthy eating index;
- (3)
- 1 month treatment with two different MCT oil emulsions (60–40 oil or C8 oil); or
- (4)
- 10 days, twice a day, supplementation with a lactose-free skim milk drink containing either 10–50 g/day of MCT oil or 10–50 g/day of placebo (high-oleic sunflower oil)
5. Management of Adverse Effects and Poor Compliance in Adults
6. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ketogenic Mechanisms | Epilepsy | Malignant Glioma | Alzheimer’s Disease |
---|---|---|---|
Metabolic Regulation | |||
↓Glucose uptake & glycolysis | + | + | |
↓Insulin, IGF1 signaling | + | + | |
↑Ketones/ketone metabolism | + | + | |
Altered gut microbiota | + | ||
Neurotransmission | |||
Altered balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters | + | ||
Inhibition of AMPA receptors | + | ||
↓mTOR activation & signaling | + | + | |
Modulation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels | + | ||
Oxidative Stress | |||
↓Production of reactive oxygen species | + | + | |
↑Mitochondrial biogenesis/function | + | + | |
Inflammation/Neuroprotection | |||
↓Inflammatory cytokines | + | + | |
NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition | + | + | |
↑cytotoxic T cell function | + | ||
↓peritumoral edema | + | ||
↓amyloid-β levels | + | ||
Genomic Effects | |||
Inhibition of HDACs | + | + | |
↑PPARγ | + | ||
↓Expression of angiogenic factors in tumor cells | + |
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McDonald, T.J.W.; Cervenka, M.C. The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders. Brain Sci. 2018, 8, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080148
McDonald TJW, Cervenka MC. The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders. Brain Sciences. 2018; 8(8):148. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080148
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcDonald, Tanya J. W., and Mackenzie C. Cervenka. 2018. "The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders" Brain Sciences 8, no. 8: 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080148