Next Article in Journal
Autobiographical Memory: A Scoping Meta-Review of Neuroimaging Data Enlightens the Inconsistencies Between Theory and Experimentation
Previous Article in Journal
Examination of Psychotropic Medication Use Following Outpatient Behavioral Assessment and Treatment
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Brain Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 5
10.3390/brainsci15050514
brainsci-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury

by
Rachith Sridhar
,
Anil Kumar
*,
Harendra Kumar
,
Abdul Vakil Khan
,
Abdul Hakeem
,
Deepak Kumar
,
Anurag Kumar
and
Majid Anwer
Department of Trauma Surgery and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar 801507, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(5), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050514 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 April 2025 / Revised: 13 May 2025 / Accepted: 17 May 2025 / Published: 17 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Surgical Treatment of Brain Injury)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background and objectives: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure, useful for relieving the intracranial pressure following trauma. Following reduction in cerebral oedema, the bone is placed back to cover the defect. During the interim period, the bone flap may be preserved using cryopreservation or in subcutaneous tissue. This leads to a need to determine the benefits and risks involved in preservation of bone flap in a subcutaneous pocket or conventional freezer following decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury. Materials and methods: An open randomized controlled trial was conducted at a level one trauma centre from July 2023 to December 2024. Simple randomization was performed in order to allocate patients into the subcutaneous preservation group and the cryogenic preservation group. Patients underwent cranioplasty after 3 months and were followed up post-operatively for complications and Glasgow Outcome Scale assessment. Results: The study initially recruited a total of 158 patients, out of which 104 patients remained eligible for the final analysis. The patients with cryopreserved flaps were found to have a higher rate of surgical site infection (31.3%) as compared to those with subcutaneously preserved flaps (5.6%), with the differences being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among the 87 patients who had a poorer Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score before the intervention, 55 (63.2%) patients had at least some improvement in GOS over a period of one month. Conclusion: The use of subcutaneous preservation of bone is more beneficial in resource-limited settings as compared to conventional freezer storage.
Keywords: brain injuries; traumatic; decompressive craniectomy; cryopreservation; subcutaneous fat; abdominal; surgical wound infection brain injuries; traumatic; decompressive craniectomy; cryopreservation; subcutaneous fat; abdominal; surgical wound infection

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sridhar, R.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, H.; Khan, A.V.; Hakeem, A.; Kumar, D.; Kumar, A.; Anwer, M. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci. 2025, 15, 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050514

AMA Style

Sridhar R, Kumar A, Kumar H, Khan AV, Hakeem A, Kumar D, Kumar A, Anwer M. A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sciences. 2025; 15(5):514. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050514

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sridhar, Rachith, Anil Kumar, Harendra Kumar, Abdul Vakil Khan, Abdul Hakeem, Deepak Kumar, Anurag Kumar, and Majid Anwer. 2025. "A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury" Brain Sciences 15, no. 5: 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050514

APA Style

Sridhar, R., Kumar, A., Kumar, H., Khan, A. V., Hakeem, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, A., & Anwer, M. (2025). A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Subcutaneous Preservation of Bone Flaps with Cryogenic Preservation of Bone Flaps for Cranioplasty in Cases of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sciences, 15(5), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15050514

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop