Effect of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanical Organization of Gait Initiation: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.2.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.2.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Selection Process
2.4. Data Collection Process and Data Extraction
2.5. Risk of Bias and Methodological Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection and Characteristics
3.2. Quality Assessment
3.3. Results of Studies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Study Design | Participants | Protocol | Outcome Measures | Key Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ebrahimabadi et al., 2017 [22] | Cross-sectional study | 22 CAI (F:22, 22.4 ± 1.5 yrs) 22 healthy (F:22, 22.7 ± 1.8 yrs) | Triggered GI at maximum speed with both the injured and non-injured limb. | Displacement and velocity of the COP during APA and execution phases. | Peak ML COP displacement toward the swing leg in the APA phase of GI was reduced in CAI. Forward COP velocity was increased in CAI in the execution phase of GI. |
Ebrahimabadi et al., 2018 [26] | Pilot cross-sectional study | 20 CAI (21.4 ± 1.3 yrs) 20 healthy (21.7 ± 1.5 yrs) | Triggered GI at maximum speed in 3 directions (forward, 30° medial, and 30° lateral) with both the injured and non-injured limb. | COP and COM kinematics. | AP COM velocity at the end of APA did not differ between CAI and controls. Peak ML COP shift and vertical COM velocity during APA were decreased in CAI. |
Ebrahimabadi et al., 2022 [29] | Cross-sectional study | 25 CAI (F:20/M:5, 22.01 ± 1.08 yrs) 25 healthy (F:21/M:4, 22.90 ± 1.61 yrs) | Triggered and self-generated GI at maximum speed in 3 directions (forward, 30° medial, and 30° lateral) with the non-injured limb. | Reaction time and APA phase durations, COP displacement, and COM velocity during the APA phase. | Longer reaction time and shorter APA duration (7%) in CAI. No difference in COP displacement and COM velocity between CAI and controls. |
Fraser et al., 2019 [21] | Cross-sectional study | 22 Control (F:13/M:9, 19.6 ± 0.9 yrs) 17 LAS (F:9/M:8, 21.0 ± 2.3 yrs) 21 Coper (F:13/M:8, 20.8 ± 2.9 yrs) 20 CAI (F:15/M:5, 19.8 ± 1.3 yrs) | GI at a self-selected speed with the injured limb. | Three-dimensional kinematics of the hallux, forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot. | Rearfoot inversion during the end of step execution phase increased by 5.3° in CAI. |
Hass et al., 2010 [30] | Cross-sectional study | 20 CAI (F:15/M:5, 20.5 ± 61.0 yrs) 20 Control (F:16, M:4, 20.85 ± 61.6 yrs) | Triggered GI at a self-selected speed with both the injured and non-injured limb. | Displacement and velocity of the COP during the APA and execution phases. | Resultant COP displacement in the APA phase and ML COP displacement in the execution phase were reduced in CAI when gait was initiated with the non-injured limb. |
Yousefi et al., 2020 [41] | Cross-sectional study | 17 CAI (M:17, 24.31 ± 0.81 yrs) 17 Control (M:17, 23.40 ± 1.70 yrs) | Triggered gait initiation at a self-selected speed with the injured limb. | Reaction time and APA duration, COP excursion, muscle activation. | Longer reaction time phase and shorter APA duration in CAI. No difference in AP and ML normalized peak COP excursions in the APA phase. Earlier soleus activation in the injured limb in CAI. |
Quality items | Ebrahimabadi et al., 2022 [29] | Yousefi et al., 2020 [41] | Fraser et al., 2019 [21] | Ebrahimabadi et al., 2018 [26] | Ebrahimabadi et al., 2017 [22] | Hass et al., 2010 [30] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reporting | Q1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Q3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Q4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Q6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Q7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Q8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
External Validity | Q11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Q12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q13 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Internal Validity–Bias | Q14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Q15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Q19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Internal Validity–Confounding | Q21 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Q22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Q23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Q24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Q26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Power | Q27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Total | 11 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 10 |
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Yousefi, M.; Zivari, S.; Yiou, E.; Caderby, T. Effect of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanical Organization of Gait Initiation: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111596
Yousefi M, Zivari S, Yiou E, Caderby T. Effect of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanical Organization of Gait Initiation: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(11):1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111596
Chicago/Turabian StyleYousefi, Mohammad, Shaghayegh Zivari, Eric Yiou, and Teddy Caderby. 2023. "Effect of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanical Organization of Gait Initiation: A Systematic Review" Brain Sciences 13, no. 11: 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111596
APA StyleYousefi, M., Zivari, S., Yiou, E., & Caderby, T. (2023). Effect of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanical Organization of Gait Initiation: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 13(11), 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111596