Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Clinical Trial Registration
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.3.1. Translation/Cultural Adaptation
2.3.2. MSS Training Paradigm
2.3.3. Treatment Adherence
2.3.4. Assessment Schedule and Outcome Measures
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Participant with SCD (n = 20) Mean (SD) | Support Partner (n = 16) Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.80 (10.29) | 49.44 (16.76) |
Women, no. (%) | 16 (80) | 11 (68.75) |
Education, years | 14.80 (3.59) | 15.94 (1.73) |
Marital status, no. (%) | ||
Married | 11 (55) | 13 (81.25) |
Divorced/Separated | 4 (20) | 1 (6.25) |
Widowed | 4 (20) | 0 (0) |
Single/never married | 1 (5) | 2 (12.50) |
Ethnicity, no. (%) | ||
Hispanic/Latino | 20 (100) | 15 (93.75) |
White | 0 (0) | 1 (6.25) |
Primary language, no. (%) | ||
Spanish | 19 (95) | 9 (56.25) |
English | 0 (0) | 2 (12.50) |
Both | 1 (5) | 5 (31,25) |
Language proficiency a | ||
Spanish | 6.26 (0.99) | 6.23 (1.13) |
English | 3.95 (1.78) | 5.39 (1.84) |
Acculturation b | ||
American culture | 2.60 (0.68) | 3.03 (0.83) |
Culture of origin | 3.30 (0.46) | 3.39 (0.44) |
Test score results | ||
WAT c | 34.20 (9.58) | 29.13 (11.22) |
Participant’s memory functioning d | 4.8 (1.7) ^ | 4.19 (1.80) ^^ |
MMSE e | 28.6 (1.4) | 29.56 (0.51) |
ST-DRS-2 f | 133.2 (7.0) | |
Place of birth, no. (%) | ||
Puerto Rico | 9 (45) | 2 (12.50) |
Colombia | 5 (25) | 1 (6.25) |
Cuba | 3 (15) | 2 (12.50) |
Argentina | 1 (5) | 3 (18.75) |
Peru | 1 (5) | 1 (6.25) |
Nicaragua | 1 (5) | 1 (6.25) |
USA Mainland | 0 (0) | 6 (37.50) |
Gross household annual income, no. (%) | ||
<$25,000 | 6 (30) | 0 (0) |
$25,000–49,999 | 6 (30) | 4 (25) |
$50,000–74,999 | 3 (15) | 3 (18.75) |
$75,000–99,999 | 2 (10) | 2 (12.50) |
$100,000–149,000 | 1 (5) | 4 (25) |
>$150,000 | 1 (5) | 1 (6.25) |
Baseline (T1) Mean (SD) | Treatment End (T2) Mean (SD) | Follow-up (T3) Mean (SD) | T1–T2 Cohen’s d | T2–T3 Cohen’s d | T1–T3 Cohen’s d | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participant with SCD | ||||||
Adherence a | 1.20 (0.62) | 7.80 (1.47) | 7.45 (2.31) | −3.75 *** | 0.13 | −2.55 *** |
Daily functioning | ||||||
FAQ b | 2.65 (2.54) | 0.80 (1.40) | 1.10 (1.68) | 0.72 ** | −0.32 | 0.59 * |
ECog Total c | 39.80 (13.64) | 35.80 (11.49) | 31.05 (7.89) | 0.28 | 0.54 * | 0.67 ** |
ECog memory d | 13.65 (3.86) | 12.55 (4.39) | 11.50 (3.56) | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.56 * |
ECog planning e | 6.65 (2.08) | 6.60 (2.62) | 6.40 (2.04) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.13 |
ECog organization f | 8.6 (3.22) | 7.30 (2.75) | 7.15 (2.03) | 0.66 ** | 0.07 | 0.61 * |
ECog divided attention g | 7.30 (3.26) | 6.50 (2.40) | 6.00 (2.03) | 0.34 | 0.25 | 0.42 |
Pillbox Test, no. (%) h | 10 (50) | 13 (65) | 13 (65) | |||
Self-efficacy for memory i | 79.65 (14.17) | 82.35 (9.70) | 83.65 (6.50) | −0.29 | −0.21 | −0.40 |
Quality of life j | 37.70 (5.62) | 39.30 (4.46) | 38.55 (5.48) | −0.44 | 0.19 | −0.18 |
Depression k | 11.95 (12.38) | 7.85 (10.99) | 10.95 (11.34) | 0.99 *** | −0.52 * | 0.11 |
Anxiety l | 20.10 (6.91) | 16.3 (5.78) | 18.5 (7.09) | 0.84 ** | −0.37 | 0.28 |
Support partner | ||||||
Caregiver burden m | 8.20 (6.83) | 6.80 (7.11) | 5.80 (6.68) | 0.39 | 0.3 | 0.65 ** |
Quality of life j | 40.50 (6.58) | 40.56 (6.22) | 41.31 (5.85) | 41.31 (5.85) | −0.18 | −0.21 |
Depression k | 8.06 (7.51) | 6.88 (7.24) | 6.06 (6.75) | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.37 |
Anxiety l | 19.50 (6.83) | 16.88 (6.35) | 17.5 (5.49) | 0.65 * | −0.11 | 0.32 |
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Santos, O.A.; Rios-Rosales, A.; Pedraza, O.; Bergeron, C.D.; Chandler, M. Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1379. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111379
Santos OA, Rios-Rosales A, Pedraza O, Bergeron CD, Chandler M. Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(11):1379. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111379
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Octavio A., Anapaula Rios-Rosales, Otto Pedraza, Caroline D. Bergeron, and Melanie Chandler. 2021. "Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study" Brain Sciences 11, no. 11: 1379. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111379
APA StyleSantos, O. A., Rios-Rosales, A., Pedraza, O., Bergeron, C. D., & Chandler, M. (2021). Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1379. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111379