Research on Defect Detection of Bare Film in Landfills Based on a Temperature Spectrum Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Position Detection Principle
3. Defect Detection Experiment
3.1. Experimental Materials and Performance Parameters
3.2. Test Sample Preparation
3.3. Test Analysis of Different Thicknesses of HDPE Film
4. HDPE Film Weld Defect Detection Test
4.1. Improvement of Test Device
4.2. Preparation of Test Samples
4.3. Analysis of Weld Defect Test Results
5. Image Analysis
5.1. Preprocessing Algorithm
5.2. Improved Guided Image Filtering
5.3. Canny Algorithm Analysis
- Reprocessing the infrared image using a Gaussian filter;
- Calculation of gradient magnitude and direction;
- Nonmaximal value suppression;
- Dual thresholding algorithm to detect and connect edges;
- Edge connection.
5.4. Calculation of Defect Length and Size Based on Edge Detection
6. Conclusions
- Using temperature difference model can detect defects of the HDPE film in the state of bare film. Under the action of a continuous natural heat source, when the HDPE film is fully covered and tested, the continuous heating time is controlled at 10–20 min. The temperature difference between the defect area and complete area is obvious at the same time, which can be used as the best detection time domain for the whole film defect. For the detection of defects in the welding seam area, under the action of an active heating source, at 3–5 min, the temperature difference between defects in the welding seam area of the HDPE film and complete area is obvious. This period can be considered the optimal time for detecting defects in the weld area.
- Based on the research object of HDPE film infrared images, the recognition effect and characteristics of traditional classic edge detection algorithms are analyzed, and an HDPE defect edge detection algorithm combining improved guide image filtering and Canny is proposed. By performing denoising and edge retention on the collected image, the edge of the defect of the final image can be improved. Based on edge extraction, the defect size is estimated. The recognition error between defect size and actual size is not greater than 10%.
- Under the action of a heat source, HDPE film will have a temperature difference characteristic in the defect and complete area in the same time period. Based on this characteristic, the temperature difference model can detect HDPE film defect placement. It avoids contact damage to the film and realizes nondestructive testing of HDPE film.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time/min | Defect Areas Average Temperature/°C | Complete Area Average Temperature/°C | Temperature Difference/°C |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 32.6 | 31.9 | 0.7 |
10 | 31.6 | 34.8 | −3.2 |
11 | 32.5 | 35.6 | −3.1 |
12 | 33.1 | 36.5 | −3.4 |
13 | 33.7 | 37.5 | −3.8 |
20 | 44.4 | 46.3 | −1.9 |
25 | 47.3 | 49.0 | −1.7 |
Time/min | Defect Areas Average Temperature/°C | Complete Area Average Temperature/°C | Temperature Difference/°C |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 32.3 | 31.7 | 0.6 |
10 | 31.4 | 33.4 | −2 |
11 | 31.7 | 34.1 | −2.4 |
12 | 32.3 | 34.9 | −2.6 |
13 | 32.8 | 35.4 | −2.6 |
20 | 40.8 | 42.7 | −1.9 |
25 | 45.5 | 46.5 | −1.0 |
Time/min | Defect Areas Average Temperature/°C | Complete Area Average Temperature/°C | Temperature Difference/°C |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 26.6 | 26.6 | 0 |
1 | 30.1 | 28.1 | 2 |
2 | 33.9 | 31.1 | 2.8 |
3 | 40.7 | 35.6 | 5.1 |
4 | 49.8 | 41.7 | 8.1 |
5 | 58.7 | 50.8 | 7.9 |
Defect Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
True size/cm | 1.50 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.50 |
Calculate size/cm | 1.56 | 2.20 | 3.19 | 2.33 |
Recognition error/% | 4.6 | 10.0 | 6.3 | 6.8 |
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Jia, F.; Chen, Y.; Hao, W. Research on Defect Detection of Bare Film in Landfills Based on a Temperature Spectrum Model. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094774
Jia F, Chen Y, Hao W. Research on Defect Detection of Bare Film in Landfills Based on a Temperature Spectrum Model. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(9):4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094774
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Feixiang, Yayu Chen, and Wei Hao. 2025. "Research on Defect Detection of Bare Film in Landfills Based on a Temperature Spectrum Model" Applied Sciences 15, no. 9: 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094774
APA StyleJia, F., Chen, Y., & Hao, W. (2025). Research on Defect Detection of Bare Film in Landfills Based on a Temperature Spectrum Model. Applied Sciences, 15(9), 4774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094774