Dynamic Expected Threat (DxT) Model: Addressing the Deficit of Realism in Football Action Evaluation

Hassani Karim is a researcher pursuing a PhD in artificial intelligence at the Machine Intelligence Laboratory (LIM) at Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. He received his Master's degree in Modeling and Scientific Computing from the Mohammadia School of Engineers in Rabat, Morocco, in 2016. From 2018 to 2021, Dr. Karim conducted individual research on perceptual modeling of football player performance. In 2022, he joined the Department of Machine Intelligence at Hassan II University to publish his work progressively. In parallel, Karim applies his models in the football industry as a Data Scientist for the Jordan Football Association. His research areas include realism in mathematical modeling, machine learning, deep learning, and fuzzy logic.

Ramdani Mohammed is the Director of the Intelligence Machine Laboratory (LIM), FST Mohammedia-University Hassan II of Casablanca, and the President of the Moroccan Association of Intelligent Systems. He received his PhD in Fuzzy Machine Learning in 1994 at the University Paris VI, France. Dr. Mohammed became an Assistant Professor in 1995 and obtained his HDR in perceptual computation at the University Paris VI, France, in 2001. In 2005, he became a Professor at the University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco. For the periods 1996–1998 and 2003–2005, Dr. Mohammed was the head of the Computer Science department at the Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Mohammedia. Between 2008 and 2014, he was the Pedagogical Director of the engineering department Software Engineering and Systems Integration (ILIS) within the Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Mohammedia. Since 2006, Dr. Mohammed has been the Director of the Computer Science Lab at the University Hassan II of Casablanca. In May 2016, he was the President of the Moroccan Intelligent Systems Association (AMSI). From 2017 to 2019, he was the Director of the project “Connected Objects and Bigdata” (BDOC) at the University Hassan II of Casablanca.

Lotfi Marwane received a B.Sc in Computer Science from the Higher Institute of Management of Tunis and an M.Sc in Software Engineering from the High Tech Institute of Rabat. He is a first-team Football Data Scientist at the Jordan Football Association and a collaborator at the Machine Intelligence Laboratory (LIM) at Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. His research areas include fuzzy logic, machine learning, and deep learning. His work focuses on measuring the quality of sport actions and events and developing and deploying new metrics that suit football coaches' specific style of play.