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Volume 15
Issue 14
10.3390/app15147985
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Minimization of Power Loss as a Design Criterion for the Optimal Synthesis of Loader Drive Mechanisms

by
Jovan Pavlović
1,
Vesna Jovanović
1,
Dragan Marinković
2,3,*,
Dragoslav Janošević
1 and
Žarko Ćojbašić
1
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, A. Medvedeva 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia
2
Department of Structural Analysis, Berlin Institute of Technology, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
3
Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10105 Vilnius, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 7985; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147985
Submission received: 31 May 2025 / Revised: 11 July 2025 / Accepted: 14 July 2025 / Published: 17 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Mechanical Engineering)
Versions Notes

Abstract

As energy efficiency becomes a significant performance indicator in mobile machines, power losses are recognized as an important criterion in the design and optimization of these systems. This paper analyses the loads and power loss due to friction in the revolute joints of the manipulator drive mechanisms during all phases of the loader manipulation task, based on dynamic simulations of the loader model with different variants of Z-kinematics manipulator drive mechanisms, using the MSC ADAMS 2020 software. The analysis is based on a general dynamic mathematical model of the loader, which enables the assessment of the influence of the parameters of the manipulator mechanisms on the functional, structural, and tribological characteristics of the revolute joints within the manipulator’s kinematic chain. Based on the analysis results, a minimum power loss criterion was defined as part of a multi-criteria optimal synthesis procedure for the manipulator drive mechanisms, with the objective of maximizing energy efficiency by minimizing power loss caused by friction in the revolute joints of the manipulator drive mechanisms.
Keywords: optimal synthesis; loader drive mechanisms; joint friction; multibody dynamics optimal synthesis; loader drive mechanisms; joint friction; multibody dynamics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pavlović, J.; Jovanović, V.; Marinković, D.; Janošević, D.; Ćojbašić, Ž. Minimization of Power Loss as a Design Criterion for the Optimal Synthesis of Loader Drive Mechanisms. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 7985. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147985

AMA Style

Pavlović J, Jovanović V, Marinković D, Janošević D, Ćojbašić Ž. Minimization of Power Loss as a Design Criterion for the Optimal Synthesis of Loader Drive Mechanisms. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(14):7985. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147985

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pavlović, Jovan, Vesna Jovanović, Dragan Marinković, Dragoslav Janošević, and Žarko Ćojbašić. 2025. "Minimization of Power Loss as a Design Criterion for the Optimal Synthesis of Loader Drive Mechanisms" Applied Sciences 15, no. 14: 7985. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147985

APA Style

Pavlović, J., Jovanović, V., Marinković, D., Janošević, D., & Ćojbašić, Ž. (2025). Minimization of Power Loss as a Design Criterion for the Optimal Synthesis of Loader Drive Mechanisms. Applied Sciences, 15(14), 7985. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147985

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