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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 14
10.3390/app15147870
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimization of Vertical Ultrasonic Attenuator Parameters for Reducing Exhaust Gas Smoke of Compression–Ignition Engines: Efficient Selection of Emitter Power, Number, and Spacing

by
Adil Kadyrov
1,
Łukasz Warguła
2,*,
Aliya Kukesheva
1,
Yermek Dyssenbaev
1,
Piotr Kaczmarzyk
3,
Wojciech Klapsa
3 and
Bartosz Wieczorek
2
1
Department of Transport Technology and Logistics Systems, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University NPJSC, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
2
Institute of Machine Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
3
Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Nadwiślańska 213, 05-420 Józefów, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(14), 7870; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147870 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 May 2025 / Revised: 10 July 2025 / Accepted: 11 July 2025 / Published: 14 July 2025
Versions Notes

Featured Application

Reducing exhaust gas smoke by optimizing vertical ultrasonic attenuator parameters is intended to reduce particulate matter (PM) emitted by compression–ignition (diesel) engines, primarily used in non-road applications. These include power units in agricultural, construction, forestry, mining machinery, and mobile or stationary power generation systems.

Abstract

Compression–ignition engines emit particulate matter (PM) (soot), prompting the widespread use of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) in the automotive sector. An alternative method for PM reduction involves the use of ultrasonic waves to disperse and modify the structure of exhaust particles. This article presents experimental results of the effects of ultrasonic emitter parameters, including the number, arrangement, and power, along with the engine speed, on the exhaust smoke density. Tests were conducted on a laboratory prototype equipped with six ultrasonic emitters spaced 0.17 m apart. The exhaust source was a diesel engine from a construction excavator, based on the MTZ-80 tractor design, delivering 80 HP and a displacement of 4750 cm3. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between the engine speed, emitter power and spacing, and smoke density. The optimal configuration was found to involve an emitter power of 319.35 W and a spacing of 1.361 m for a given engine speed. Under the most effective conditions—an engine speed of 1500 rpm, six active emitters, and a total power of 600 W—smoke emissions were reduced by 18%. These findings support the feasibility of using ultrasonic methods as complementary or alternative exhaust gas filtration techniques for non-road diesel engines.
Keywords: exhaust gas cleaning; reduction in particulate matter (PM) in the air; diesel engine; soot; modify exhaust particle structures; ultrasonic muffler exhaust gas cleaning; reduction in particulate matter (PM) in the air; diesel engine; soot; modify exhaust particle structures; ultrasonic muffler

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kadyrov, A.; Warguła, Ł.; Kukesheva, A.; Dyssenbaev, Y.; Kaczmarzyk, P.; Klapsa, W.; Wieczorek, B. Optimization of Vertical Ultrasonic Attenuator Parameters for Reducing Exhaust Gas Smoke of Compression–Ignition Engines: Efficient Selection of Emitter Power, Number, and Spacing. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147870

AMA Style

Kadyrov A, Warguła Ł, Kukesheva A, Dyssenbaev Y, Kaczmarzyk P, Klapsa W, Wieczorek B. Optimization of Vertical Ultrasonic Attenuator Parameters for Reducing Exhaust Gas Smoke of Compression–Ignition Engines: Efficient Selection of Emitter Power, Number, and Spacing. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(14):7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147870

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kadyrov, Adil, Łukasz Warguła, Aliya Kukesheva, Yermek Dyssenbaev, Piotr Kaczmarzyk, Wojciech Klapsa, and Bartosz Wieczorek. 2025. "Optimization of Vertical Ultrasonic Attenuator Parameters for Reducing Exhaust Gas Smoke of Compression–Ignition Engines: Efficient Selection of Emitter Power, Number, and Spacing" Applied Sciences 15, no. 14: 7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147870

APA Style

Kadyrov, A., Warguła, Ł., Kukesheva, A., Dyssenbaev, Y., Kaczmarzyk, P., Klapsa, W., & Wieczorek, B. (2025). Optimization of Vertical Ultrasonic Attenuator Parameters for Reducing Exhaust Gas Smoke of Compression–Ignition Engines: Efficient Selection of Emitter Power, Number, and Spacing. Applied Sciences, 15(14), 7870. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147870

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