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Volume 15
Issue 13
10.3390/app15136992
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Multiplicative Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Switching Bay Devices in a Substation Using Maintenance Priorities

by
Janez Ribič
1,*,
Gorazd Štumberger
1,
Marko Vodenik
1,
Uroš Kerin
2,
Miha Bečan
2,
Anja Šketa
3,4,5,
Peter Kitak
1 and
Drago Bokal
3,4,5
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
2
ELES, d.o.o., Hajdrihova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3
DataBitLab d.o.o., Perhavčeva Ulica 19, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
4
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
5
Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska Cesta 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 6992; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136992
Submission received: 9 May 2025 / Revised: 12 June 2025 / Accepted: 19 June 2025 / Published: 20 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
Versions Notes

Featured Application

The results of the presented research are directly applicable to enhancing the maintenance strategies of transmission system operator (TSO) assets, particularly high-voltage switchyard equipment, and are extendable to other TSO systems. Furthermore, the proposed methodology lays the groundwork for the implementation of predictive maintenance. This paper introduces a novel methodology for assessing the technical condition of high-voltage switchyard devices—specifically, circuit breakers, disconnectors, and instrument transformers—within a high-voltage switching bay. The proposed model integrates multiplicative criteria, which reflect maintenance actions, and additive criteria, which capture the operational and maintenance history of individual devices. Supported by a newly developed data model, the methodology enables an automated assessment process that generates a c-curve representing the condition trajectory of each device or device type. Leveraging real-time data from the maintenance information system, this automated approach allows for the timely evaluation of a device’s technical state prior to scheduled maintenance. The resulting c-curve analysis supports strategic maintenance planning and prioritization. The proposed solutions have been implemented experimentally by TSO ELES.

Abstract

This paper presents a novel method for assessing the technical condition of devices in the
high-voltage (HV) switching bay of a substation, focusing on circuit breakers,
disconnectors, and instrument transformers. These devices are typically maintained using
a condition-based maintenance approach. The proposed method integrates data from
individual maintenance tasks into a comprehensive assessment of each device’s technical
condition. Traditionally, the technical condition and health index assessments rely solely
on additive criteria. This study introduces an advanced assessment method that
incorporates both additive and multiplicative criteria to enhance the prioritization of
maintenance tasks. A data model is developed to extract the maintenance task data from device maintenance databases, enabling an automated assessment process. The proposed
approach facilitates the generation of a c-curve throughout a device’s operational life. A
comparison using real transmission system operator maintenance data demonstrates that
the proposed method, which assesses device conditions using both additive and
multiplicative criteria, outperforms the conventional approach that relies solely on
additive criteria.
Keywords: condition-based maintenance; health index; circuit breaker; disconnector; instrument transformer; substation; failure mode analysis condition-based maintenance; health index; circuit breaker; disconnector; instrument transformer; substation; failure mode analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ribič, J.; Štumberger, G.; Vodenik, M.; Kerin, U.; Bečan, M.; Šketa, A.; Kitak, P.; Bokal, D. Multiplicative Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Switching Bay Devices in a Substation Using Maintenance Priorities. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 6992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136992

AMA Style

Ribič J, Štumberger G, Vodenik M, Kerin U, Bečan M, Šketa A, Kitak P, Bokal D. Multiplicative Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Switching Bay Devices in a Substation Using Maintenance Priorities. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(13):6992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136992

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ribič, Janez, Gorazd Štumberger, Marko Vodenik, Uroš Kerin, Miha Bečan, Anja Šketa, Peter Kitak, and Drago Bokal. 2025. "Multiplicative Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Switching Bay Devices in a Substation Using Maintenance Priorities" Applied Sciences 15, no. 13: 6992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136992

APA Style

Ribič, J., Štumberger, G., Vodenik, M., Kerin, U., Bečan, M., Šketa, A., Kitak, P., & Bokal, D. (2025). Multiplicative Method for Assessing the Technical Condition of Switching Bay Devices in a Substation Using Maintenance Priorities. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 6992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136992

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