Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Integrated Flow and Heat Transfer Model for Cavity and Wellbore
2.1. Model Assumptions
- (1)
- The hydrogen gas within the wellbore and cavity exhibits one-dimensional steady-state flow, with temperature, pressure, and velocity uniformly distributed across any cross-section.
- (2)
- The geothermal gradient remains constant, and the thermal conductivity of the formation does not vary with depth.
- (3)
- The heat transfer modes within both the wellbore and cavity are in a steady state, adhering to the dimensionless time function as defined by Ramey.
- (4)
- The contact thermal resistance between structural material interfaces is neglected, and radiative heat transfer effects are disregarded.
2.2. The Thermal Transfer Model for Wellbore Flow
2.3. Turbulent Heat Transfer Model in Cavities
3. Numerical Simulation Computation
3.1. Engineering Background and Geometric Model
3.2. Parameter Configuration
3.3. Software Settings and Boundary Conditions
3.4. Simulation of Working Conditions
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Simulation Results of Natural Gas Storage
4.2. Comparison of Natural Gas and Hydrogen
4.2.1. Comparison of the Thermodynamic Properties of Gasses in Cavity
4.2.2. Comparison of the Thermodynamic Properties of Gasses in Wellbores
4.2.3. Surrounding Rock Temperatures at Varying Distances from the Cavity
4.2.4. Temperature Variations in Surrounding Rock at Different Burial Depth
4.2.5. Thermal Conductivity of Surrounding Rock
4.2.6. Thermal Capacity of Surrounding Rock
4.2.7. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- A unified flow and heat transfer model is established for gas injection and extraction process. This model innovatively incorporates the convective heat transfer of hydrogen or natural gas in the wellbore, radial heat transfer, the temperature–pressure coupling effects within the cavity, and the turbulent heat transfer effects within the cavity.
- (2)
- The temperature and pressure parameters of hydrogen and natural gas within the chamber and wellbore were compared. Under identical injection and withdrawal conditions, the temperature of hydrogen in the chamber was 10 °C higher than that of natural gas, and 16 °C higher in the wellbore. The pressure of hydrogen in the chamber was 2.9 MPa greater than that of natural gas, and 2.6 MPa higher in the wellbore.
- (3)
- A comparative analysis was conducted on the impact of surrounding rock’s horizontal and numerical distance on temperature during hydrogen and natural gas injection processes. As the distance from the cavity increases, from 5 to 15 m, the temperature fluctuation in the surrounding rock diminishes progressively, with the temperature effect in the hydrogen storage chamber extending at least 10 m.
- (4)
- The influence of rock thermal conductivity parameters on temperature during the processes of hydrogen injection and natural gas extraction is compared. The better the thermal conductivity, the deeper the thermal effects penetrate the rock layers, with the specific heat capacity having the most significant impact.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Salt Rock |
---|---|
Density (kg/m3) | 2100 |
Elastic modulus (GPa) | 3.6 |
Bulk modulus (GPa) | 2.75 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.282 |
Initial permeability (m2) | 5.47 × 10−21 |
Initial porosity | 0.01 |
Biot’s coefficient | 0.12 |
Cohesion (MPa) | 3.69 |
Internal friction angle (°) | 38.76 |
Parameters | Hydrogen | Methane |
---|---|---|
Molar mass (g/mol) | 2.016 | 16.043 |
Density (kg/m3) | 0.0838 | 0.6512 |
Diffusion coefficient (cm2/s) | 0.61 | 0.16 |
Heat value per mass (MJ/kg) | 119.93 | 50.2 |
Inversion temperature (K) | 202 | 968 |
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Liu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Z. Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199005
Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang Z. Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(19):9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199005
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zhongzhong, Yuxuan Liu, and Zonghao Wang. 2024. "Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern" Applied Sciences 14, no. 19: 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199005
APA StyleLiu, Z., Liu, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024). Comparative Study of Temperature and Pressure Variation Patterns in Hydrogen and Natural Gas Storage in Salt Cavern. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199005