Application of Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Mixes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. The Hydrolyzates of Iota Carrageenan
2.3. Ice Cream Mix Manufacture
Homogenization Treatment
2.4. The Examination of the Stability of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
2.5. The Distribution of Particle Size of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
2.6. The Analysis of Rheological Properties of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
2.7. Characterization of the Microstructure of Milk Ice Cream Mix Emulsions
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Stability of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
3.2. The Analysis of Particle Sizes of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
3.3. The Analysis of Rheological Properties of Milk Ice Cream Mixes
3.4. The Microscopic Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Characteristics |
---|---|
CH | control sample without the stabilizers and after the mechanical homogenization treatment |
CU | control sample without the stabilizers and after the ultrasound homogenization treatment |
IH | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the mechanical homogenization treatment |
IU | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the ultrasound homogenization treatment |
AH | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the acid hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the mechanical homogenization treatment |
AU | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the acid hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the ultrasound homogenization treatment |
BH | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the enzymatic β-galactosidase hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the mechanical homogenization treatment |
BU | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the enzymatic β-galactosidase hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the ultrasound homogenization treatment |
LH | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the enzymatic commercial lactase hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the mechanical homogenization treatment |
LU | sample with the addition of the stabilizers (the enzymatic commercial lactase hydrolyzates of iota carrageenan, locust bean gum, and xanthan gum) and after the ultrasound homogenization treatment |
Sample | TSI | Median D50 | |
---|---|---|---|
Before Maturation | After Maturation | ||
CH | 2.5 ± 0.3 b | 22.97 ± 1.13 a | 20.11 ± 0.29 ab |
CU | 2.2 ± 0.1 ab | 31.12 ± 2.70 bc | 23.55 ± 0.95 ac |
IH | 7.3 ± 0.3 e | 25.17 ± 0.99 ab | 18.63 ± 0.32 b |
IU | 2.0 ± 0.2 ab | 28.92 ± 3.67 abc | 26.96 ± 2.82 c |
AH | 4.1 ± 0.8 c | 25.25 ± 1.62 ab | 20.79 ± 0.51 ab |
AU | 1.5 ± 0.1 ab | 39.72 ± 1.70 d | 37.14 ± 1.33 de |
BH | 4.2 ± 0.5 c | 25.41 ± 0.75 ab | 23.95 ± 0.16 ac |
BU | 1.3 ± 0.1 a | 33.72 ± 0.48 cd | 33.93 ± 0.98 d |
LH | 5.8 ± 0.2 d | 24.45 ± 1.00 a | 22.87 ± 1.12 ab |
LU | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 39.78 ± 4.63 d | 39.75 ± 2.14 e |
Sample | Before 24 h of Maturation | After 24 h of Maturation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K, 10−3 · Pasn | n | R2 | K, 10−3 · Pasn | n | R2 | |
CH | 0.006 ± 0.000 a | 0.994 ± 0.004 a | 1.00 | 0.007 ± 0.000 a | 0.984 ± 0.002 a | 0.98 |
CU | 0.006 ± 0.001 a | 0.991 ± 0.028 a | 1.00 | 0.009 ± 0.005 a | 0.928 ± 0.0098 a | 1.00 |
IH | 0.028 ± 0.000 cd | 0.871 ± 0.002 a | 1.00 | 0.031 ± 0.000 bcd | 0.862 ± 0.002 a | 0.95 |
IU | 0.007 ± 0.003 a | 1.168 ± 0.141 b | 0.94 | 0.019 ± 0.014 bc | 1.025 ± 0.296 a | 1.00 |
AH | 0.033 ± 0.000 d | 0.889 ± 0.005 a | 1.00 | 0.035 ± 0.000 cd | 0.887 ± 0.002 a | 0.98 |
AU | 0.026 ± 0.000 c | 0.914 ± 0.002 a | 1.00 | 0.028 ± 0.003 bcd | 0.914 ± 0.023 a | 1.00 |
BH | 0.029 ± 0.002 cd | 0.900 ± 0.013 a | 1.00 | 0.033 ± 0.000 bcd | 0.891 ± 0.003 a | 1.00 |
BU | 0.020 ± 0.003 b | 0.957 ± 0.042 a | 1.00 | 0.018 ± 0.010 ab | 1.019 ± 0.165 a | 1.00 |
LH | 0.030 ± 0.004 cd | 0.918 ± 0.026 a | 1.00 | 0.040 ± 0.001 cd | 0.878 ± 0.002 a | 1.00 |
LU | 0.030 ± 0.001 cd | 0.915 ± 0.009 a | 1.00 | 0.034 ± 0.001 bcd | 0.905 ± 0.006 a | 1.00 |
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Kot, A.; Kamińska-Dwórznicka, A. Application of Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Mixes. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 8689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198689
Kot A, Kamińska-Dwórznicka A. Application of Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Mixes. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(19):8689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198689
Chicago/Turabian StyleKot, Anna, and Anna Kamińska-Dwórznicka. 2024. "Application of Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Mixes" Applied Sciences 14, no. 19: 8689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198689
APA StyleKot, A., & Kamińska-Dwórznicka, A. (2024). Application of Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Mixes. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198689