EM Scattering of A Target above Canyon/Valley Environment Based on Composite Rough Surface Modeling Method and Modified SBR-FBSSA Algorithm
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
- Based on the composite surface modeling theory, a method for modeling the canyon/valley environment is suggested, which can realize the typical composite rough surface containing two slopes and a bottom.
- The traditional SBR algorithm is modified by introducing the high-order reflection model, which considers the roughness of the composite rough surface for EM scattering prediction.
- The facet-based small slope approximation (FBSSA) scattering model combined with the modified SBR algorithm is proposed to calculate the composite EM scattering from a complex target above the canyon/valley environment, which has better computation accuracy without a noticeable increase in memory and time consumption.
- In the framework of the environment modeling method and modified SBR-FBSSA algorithm, thorough analyses of the composite EM scattering characteristics of a target above the canyon/valley environment were carried out. We also investigated how the Brewster effect affects the canyon’s or valley’s EM scattering characteristics. A more intricate scattering mechanism will result from the complex target in this canyon/valley environment.
2. Canyon/Valley Composite Rough Surface Modeling
3. Modified SBR-FBSSA Method for Composite Scattering
3.1. Composite Scattering Model of Target above Canyon/Valley Environment
- Direct scattering from the ultra-low target, denoted by C1.
- 2.
- Direct scattering from composite rough surface, denoted by C2.
- 3.
- Multiple scattering from the target, denoted by C3.
- 4.
- Multiple scattering from canyon/valley composite rough surface, denoted by C4.
- 5.
- Coupling scattering between the target and canyon/valley composite rough surface, denoted by C5.
3.2. Modified SBR Algorithm
3.3. Facet-Based Small Slope Approximation Scattering Model
4. Simulation and Discussion
4.1. Verification of Modified SBR-FBSSA Method
4.2. Composite Scattering of Plain and Valley Composite Rough Surface
4.3. Composite Scattering of Canyon and Valley Composite Rough Surface
4.4. Composite Scattering of Canyon/Valley Environment with Different Slope Angles
4.5. Composite Scattering of Canyon/Valley Composite Rough Surface with Different Surface Roughness
4.6. Composite Scattering of Canyon/Valley Environment with Different Incident Azimuth Angles
4.7. Composite Scattering of Canyon/Valley Environment with or without Target
4.8. Composite Scattering of Canyon/Valley Environment with Different Incident Angles
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methods | Polarization | Memory (GB) | Time (s) | Maximum Error (dB) | Average Error (dB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MLFMA | HH | 15.236 | 1251 | - | - |
VV | 15.373 | 1264 | - | - | |
SBR-TSM | HH | 2.663 | 87.6 | 26.60 | 3.75 |
VV | 2.679 | 88.1 | 27.21 | 4.18 | |
MSBR-FBSSA | HH | 2.703 | 89.7 | 9.13 | 1.63 |
VV | 2.730 | 91.3 | 10.41 | 1.85 |
Figures | Slope Angles | Peak Angles | Peak Value (dBsm) |
---|---|---|---|
(a) | 30°–30° | −30°, 30° | (74.2635, 81.5739) |
30°–45° | −60°, 0°, 30° | (75.1674, 67.6920, 77.5633) | |
30°–60° | −90°, −30°, 30° | (70.1196, 68.7718, 77.5377) | |
45°–45° | −60°, 30°, 60° | (75.1537, 77.6434, 72.5114) | |
60°–60° | 30° | (77.8450) | |
(b) | 30°–30° | −30°, 30° | (74.2758, 74.1240) |
30°–45° | −60°, 0°, 30° | (74.3754, 35.1071, 74.1474) | |
30°–60° | −90°, −30°, 30° | (90.7841, 65.8235, 74.1959) | |
45°–45° | −60°, 30°, 60° | (74.3739, 74.1578, 41.8799) | |
60°–60° | 30° | (73.9862) | |
(c) | 30°–30° | −30°, 30° | (74.2336, 96.9393) |
30°–45° | −60°, 0°, 30° | (75.1781, 67.5802, 96.3810) | |
30°–60° | −90°, −30°, 30° | (70.0889, 68.7210, 96.3766) | |
45°–45° | −60°, 30°, 60° | (75.1604, 96.4070, 81.4939) | |
60°–60° | 30° | (96.4129) | |
(d) | 30°–30° | −30°, 30° | (74.3121, 95.7886) |
30°–45° | −60°, 30° | (74.3823, 95.7901) | |
30°–60° | −90°, −30°, 30° | (90.7844, 65.9220, 95.7933) | |
45°–45° | −60°, 30°, 60° | (74.3808, 95.7944, 72.1102) | |
60°–60° | 30° | (95.7745) |
Figures | Peak Angles | Peak Value (dBsm) |
---|---|---|
(a) | −30° | (74.2836, 74.2807, 74.2795, 59.0459, 59.0324) |
30° | (81.5529, 76.3757, 80.3007, 79.3965, 71.7860) | |
(b) | −30° | (74.2719, 74.2705, 74.2716, 58.9953, 58.9857) |
30° | (74.0700, 62.5396, 74.0811, 74.0906, 62.6144) | |
(c) | −30° | (74.3136, 74.3083, 74.3019, 59.1785, 59.1405) |
30° | (96.9244, 95.3232, 96.7281, 96.5997, 94.9308) | |
(d) | −30° | (74.2984, 74.2920, 74.2971, 59.1511, 59.1155) |
30° | (95.7729, 94.0520, 95.7739, 95.7748, 94.0543) |
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Wang, Y.; Tong, C.; Wang, T.; Li, X.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Z. EM Scattering of A Target above Canyon/Valley Environment Based on Composite Rough Surface Modeling Method and Modified SBR-FBSSA Algorithm. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074427
Wang Y, Tong C, Wang T, Li X, Wang Q, Wang Z. EM Scattering of A Target above Canyon/Valley Environment Based on Composite Rough Surface Modeling Method and Modified SBR-FBSSA Algorithm. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(7):4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074427
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yijin, Chuangming Tong, Tong Wang, Ximin Li, Qingkuan Wang, and Zhaolong Wang. 2023. "EM Scattering of A Target above Canyon/Valley Environment Based on Composite Rough Surface Modeling Method and Modified SBR-FBSSA Algorithm" Applied Sciences 13, no. 7: 4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074427
APA StyleWang, Y., Tong, C., Wang, T., Li, X., Wang, Q., & Wang, Z. (2023). EM Scattering of A Target above Canyon/Valley Environment Based on Composite Rough Surface Modeling Method and Modified SBR-FBSSA Algorithm. Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4427. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074427