Development of Geospatial Data Acquisition, Modeling, and Service Technology for Digital Twin Implementation of Underground Utility Tunnel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Digital Twin Field
2.2. Digital Twin Application
2.2.1. Data
2.2.2. Modeling for Digital Twins
2.2.3. Services for Digital Twins
3. Methods
3.1. Status of the Selected Underground Utility Tunnel
3.2. Key Methodologies for the UTU Digital Twin
4. Results
4.1. Data Acquisition Layer
4.1.1. Collecting Pre-Established Information
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- Accessibility: 2D-based modeling is often easier and more accessible than LiDAR-based modeling as it can be created using basic software and traditional drawing tools.
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- Cost-effective: 2D-based modeling can be less expensive than LiDAR-based modeling as it does not require specialized equipment such as LiDAR scanners.
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- Simple: 2D-based modeling is simpler and easier to learn than LiDAR-based modeling, making it accessible to a wider range of users.
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- High accuracy: LiDAR-based modeling can provide highly accurate 3D models of the underground utility tunnel, capturing details such as the precise location and geometry of objects and structures.
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- High level of detail: LiDAR-based modeling can provide a high level of detail, including the position, size, and orientation of objects, which is important for simulating the operation and maintenance of the tunnel.
4.1.2. Site Information Collection
4.2. Modeling Layer
4.2.1. BIM Modeling
4.2.2. Building and Operating System of a Digital Twin Space
4.3. Service Layer
4.3.1. Service Items of an Underground Utility Tunnel
4.3.2. Service Functional Requirements of an Underground Utility Tunnel
5. Conclusions
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- Data acquisition: The key role of the data acquisition layer is collecting facility data, sensor data, and general information. Facility data can be acquired based on existing 2D or 3D drawings or through a scanning process using LiDAR technology.
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- Modeling: Modeling is proceeded based on data building. The key role of the modeling layer is to model the underground utility tunnel by using BIM (infrastructure and sensor data) and GIS (spatial information). Additionally, modeling was efficiently performed by configuring a DB architecture for storing and linking relevant data and for providing services.
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- Service: Lastly, underground utility tunnel management technology using a digital twin consists of an underground utility tunnel management service and a response service for abnormal situations. An underground utility tunnel management service provides manned and unmanned surveillance, diagnoses, and risk inference services through a digital twin. In particular, abnormal situations in underground facilities include fire detection, spatial object displacement, earthquake disaster, and flooding.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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REF | Year | Field | Application | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infra | Arch | City | Data Acquisition | Modeling | Service | ||
[18] | 2021 | - | - | ● | QR codes, radio-frequency identification (RFID), IPC, sensors | 3D geometric model | Simulation Optimization |
[19] | 2020 | ● | - | ● | GIS, sensing images, sensors, building management system (BMS) data | BIM | Monitoring, controlling the physical city |
[20] | 2021 | ● | - | ● | Sensors, QR codes, space management system | BIM | Anomaly detection in operation and maintenance Blockchain |
[21] | 2021 | ● | - | - | Geospatial datasets, demographic and climate conditions | BIM | Monitoring |
[22] | 2021 | ● | - | - | Thermal imaging camera, sensors, AI | CIM, BIM, thermography map | Energy planning, simulation |
[23] | 2019 | - | ● | ● | Sensors, financial compensation | 3D geometric model | Architecture for a cyber-physical system |
[24] | 2019 | ● | - | - | Climate conditions, drawing data, geology data | BIM | Greenhouse gas emission, time schedule, cost data |
[25] | 2013 | ● | - | Magnitude of electrical current | 3D geometric model | Structural stability | |
[10] | 2020 | - | ● | - | LiDAR | 3D geometric model | City digital twin model |
Category | Major Services |
---|---|
General situations | Maintenance efficiency improvement |
Process optimization | |
Cause analysis | |
Multi-party decision-making | |
Disaster and abnormal situations | Predictive maintenance |
Proactive control |
Main Features | Key Methodologies | |
---|---|---|
Data acquisition layer | Information collection: infrastructure DT | LiDAR scan 2D documents 3D documents Geospatial datasets |
Information collection: sensor DT | Sensor data and image QR codes | |
Information collection: general | Climate datasets Demographic information Maintenance datasets | |
Modeling layer | Infrastructure and sensor modeling | BIM: library creation and color code designation |
Geospatial modeling | GIS | |
Information storage and linkage measures | Database and linkage | |
Service layer | Abnormal situation management | Fire detection Spatial object displacement Earthquake disaster Flooding |
General situation management | Space utilization Event prediction Asset management |
Work Procedure | Major Details |
---|---|
Drawing printing | Check the work location on a numerical map Prepare for a site inspection and survey |
Site 3D scan | Site inspection and survey of facilities Site inspection facility properties Site exploration and survey before project launch |
Select a survey position on the drawing | Select a survey position in CAD program according to the site inspection survey results |
Survey ground-level reference point | Survey a precise reference point on the ground connected to the utility tunnel |
Survey underground reference point | Link with the precise reference point surveyed on the ground |
Reference point data mapping | Mapping between 3D scan data and reference point survey data |
Point cloud matching | Connect 3D scan data to each station according to the site |
Monitoring Location | Monitoring Means and Method | Collected Data |
---|---|---|
Inside the underground utility tunnel | Fixed sensor: multisensors and cameras are repeatedly arranged at certain intervals in tens of km along the utility tunnel, and information is collected in real time | Temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, smoke, flame, vibration sensor, low-luminance image, thermal image |
Fixed sensor: sensor is arranged in facilities with a high risk | Vibration sensor of a water supply line, partial discharge sensor of a power line, water level sensor of a collection well, acoustic sensor | |
Movable robot: robot moves on the ceiling rate over tens of km along the utility tunnel to collect information in real time | Temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, low-luminance image, thermal image, LiDAR sensor | |
Manned patrol: patrol moves on foot and visually observes tens of km along the utility tunnel | Abnormalities in structures, firefighting facilities, power facilities, and communications facilities | |
Outside the underground utility tunnel | Fixed sensor: sensors and cameras are arranged at the entrance/exit of the management office and underground utility tunnel to collect information | Access security sensor, detection sensor of safety device |
Connection with external systems: regional and critical situation information is collected via the Meteorological Administration | Weather information such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, earthquake of a certain region, construction information, and terrorism risk information of the nearby areas |
Category | Description |
---|---|
Database management | Collect and store databases |
Convert and transmit databases | |
Statistical analysis of databases | |
Facility management | Status inquiry of management and accommodation facilities |
Inspection of management and accommodation facilities | |
State information display of management and accommodation facilities | |
Search firefighting facility control data | |
CCTV control | |
Register field situations | |
Inquiry of workers’ locations | |
Safety management | Check for abnormalities |
Request on-site support | |
Abnormal signal management | Check for abnormal situations |
Propagate situations | |
Simulation management | Guide evacuation routes |
Suppress disaster spread | |
Predict damage spread | |
Visualization of analysis results |
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Share and Cite
Lee, J.; Lee, Y.; Hong, C. Development of Geospatial Data Acquisition, Modeling, and Service Technology for Digital Twin Implementation of Underground Utility Tunnel. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074343
Lee J, Lee Y, Hong C. Development of Geospatial Data Acquisition, Modeling, and Service Technology for Digital Twin Implementation of Underground Utility Tunnel. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(7):4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074343
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jaewook, Yonghwan Lee, and Changhee Hong. 2023. "Development of Geospatial Data Acquisition, Modeling, and Service Technology for Digital Twin Implementation of Underground Utility Tunnel" Applied Sciences 13, no. 7: 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074343
APA StyleLee, J., Lee, Y., & Hong, C. (2023). Development of Geospatial Data Acquisition, Modeling, and Service Technology for Digital Twin Implementation of Underground Utility Tunnel. Applied Sciences, 13(7), 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074343