Situational Analysis and Tactical Decision-Making in Elite Handball Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Use of Situational Probabilities Information
1.2. Methodological Approaches in Decision-Making Research
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Assessment Protocol
2.3.1. Game Situations
2.3.2. Written and Verbal Reports and Observation Schedule Sheets
2.3.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
- Game situation 1: χ2 = 10.39, p = 0.005, McFadden pseudo-R2 = 0.223;
- Game situation 2: χ2 = 24.18, p < 0.001, McFadden pseudo-R2 = 0.529;
- Game situation 3: χ2 = 6.55, p < 0.04, McFadden pseudo-R2 = 0.171;
- Game situation 4: χ2 = 27.58, p < 0.001, McFadden pseudo-R2 = 0.594.
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Davids, K.; Araújo, D.; Correia, V.; Vilar, L. How Small-Sided and Conditioned Games Enhance Acquisition of Movement and Decision-Making Skills. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2013, 41, 154–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Allard, F.; Burnett, N. Skill in Sport. Can. J. Psychol. Rev. Can. Psychol. 1985, 39, 294–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, A.F.; Conte, D.; Clemente, F.M. Decision-Making in Youth Team-Sports Players: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 2020, 17, 3803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barraclough, S.; Till, K.; Kerr, A.; Emmonds, S. Methodological Approaches to Talent Identification in Team Sports: A Narrative Review. Sports 2022, 10, 81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harper, D.J.; Carling, C.; Kiely, J. High-Intensity Acceleration and Deceleration Demands in Elite Team Sports Competitive Match Play: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 1923–1947. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Petway, A.J.; Freitas, T.T.; Calleja-González, J.; Medina Leal, D.; Alcaraz, P.E. Training Load and Match-Play Demands in Basketball Based on Competition Level: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0229212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vickers, J.N. Perception, Cognition, and Decision Training: The Quiet Eye in Action; Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL, USA, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Nicolosi, S. Strategie Didattiche per L’educazione Motoria; Franco Angeli Editore: Milano, Italy, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Müller, S.; Gurisik, Y.; Hecimovich, M.; Harbaugh, A.G.; Vallence, A.-M. Individual Differences in Short-Term Anticipation Training for High-Speed Interceptive Skill. J. Mot. Learn. Dev. 2017, 5, 160–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, A.M.; Jackson, R.C. Anticipation in Sport: Fifty Years on, What Have We Learned and What Research Still Needs to Be Undertaken? Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2019, 42, 16–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, A.M.; Ward, P. Anticipation and Decision Making: Exploring New Horizons. In Handbook of Sport Psychology; Tenenbaum, G., Eklund, R.C., Eds.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 203–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farrow, D.; Reid, M. The Contribution of Situational Probability Information to Anticipatory Skill. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2012, 15, 368–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, A.M.; Davids, K.; Williams, J.G.P. Visual Perception and Action in Sport, 1st ed.; Taylor & Francis: New York, NY, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Bar-Eli, M.; Plessner, H.; Raab, M. Judgement, Decision Making and Success in Sport, 1st ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnson, J.G.; Raab, M. Take The First: Option-Generation and Resulting Choices. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 2003, 91, 215–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raab, M. Simple Heuristics in Sports. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2012, 5, 104–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bonnet, G.; Debanne, T.; Laffaye, G. Toward a Better Theoretical and Practical Understanding of Field Players’ Decision-Making in Handball: A Systematic Review. Mov. Sport Sci. Sci. Mot. 2020, 110, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hinz, M.; Lehmann, N.; Musculus, L. Elite Players Invest Additional Time for Making Better Embodied Choices. Front. Psychol. 2022, 13, 873474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmidt, R.A.; Lee, T.D. Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis, 5th ed.; Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL, USA, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Johnson, J.G. Cognitive Modeling of Decision Making in Sports. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2006, 7, 631–652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mann, D.T.Y.; Williams, A.M.; Ward, P.; Janelle, C.M. Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise in Sport: A Meta-Analysis. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2007, 29, 457–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hinz, M.; Lehmann, N.; Melcher, K.; Aye, N.; Radić, V.; Wagner, H.; Taubert, M. Reliability of Perceptual-Cognitive Skills in a Complex, Laboratory-Based Team-Sport Setting. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 5203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Milazzo, N.; Farrow, D.; Ruffault, A.; Fournier, J.F. Do Karate Fighters Use Situational Probability Information to Improve Decision-Making Performance during on-Mat Tasks? J. Sports Sci. 2016, 34, 1547–1556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Biscaia, P.; Coelho, E.; Hernández Mendo, A.; Alves, J. Processamento da informação e antecipação em jogadoras de andebol de elite: Da formação ao alto nível. Rev. Iberoam. Psicol. Ejerk. Deportato. 2018, 13, 179–190. [Google Scholar]
- Robertson, K.; De Waelle, S.; Deconinck, F.J.; Lenoir, M. Differences in Expertise Level for Anticipatory Skill between Badminton ‘in Game’ Strokes and Serves. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2022, 17, 782–791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hodges, N.J.; Huys, R.; Starkes, J.L. Methodological Review and Evaluation of Research in Expert Performance in Sport. In Handbook of Sport Psychology; Tenenbaum, G., Eklund, R.C., Eds.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 2007; pp. 159–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Araújo, D.; Hristovski, R.; Seifert, L.; Carvalho, J.; Davids, K. Ecological Cognition: Expert Decision-Making Behaviour in Sport. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2019, 12, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McAuley, A.B.T.; Baker, J.; Kelly, A.L. Defining “Elite” Status in Sport: From Chaos to Clarity. Ger. J. Exerc. Sport Res. 2022, 52, 193–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baker, J.; Farrow, D. Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Farrow, D.; Baker, J.; MacMahon, C. A Recipe for Expert Decision Making. In Developing Sport Expertise: Researchers and Coaches Put Theory into Practice; Routledge: London, UK, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Ward, P.; Ericsson, K.A.; Williams, A.M. Complex Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise in a Simulated Task Environment. J. Cogn. Eng. Decis. Mak. 2013, 7, 231–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Powless, M.D.; Steinfeldt, J.A.; Fisher, S.E.; McFadden, P.; Kennedy, K.W.; Bellini, S. Utilizing Video-Based Trainings to Improve Decision Making in High School Quarterbacks. Sports 2020, 8, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wiman, M.; Salmoni, A.W.; Hall, C.R. An Examination of the Definition and Development of Expert Coaching. Int. J. Coach. Sci. 2010, 4, 37–60. [Google Scholar]
- Koopmann, T.; Faber, I.; Baker, J.; Schorer, J. Assessing Technical Skills in Talented Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2020, 50, 1593–1611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences; Routledge: London, UK, 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suss, J.; Ward, P. Predicting the Future in Perceptual-Motor Domains: Perceptual Anticipation, Option Generation, and Expertise. In The Cambridge Handbook of Applied Perception Research; Hoffman, R.R., Hancock, P.A., Scerbo, M.W., Parasuraman, R., Szalma, J.L., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2015; pp. 951–976. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ward, P.; Suss, J.; Eccles, D.W.; Williams, A.M.; Harris, K.R. Skill-Based Differences in Option Generation in a Complex Task: A Verbal Protocol Analysis. Cogn. Process. 2011, 12, 289–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ward, P.; Williams, A.M. Perceptual and Cognitive Skill Development in Soccer: The Multidimensional Nature of Expert Performance. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2003, 25, 93–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ward, P.; Suss, J.; Basevitch, I. Expertise and Expert Performance-Based Training (ExPerT) in Complex Domains. Expert. Expert Perform.-Based Train. Expert Complex Domains 2009, 7, 121–146. [Google Scholar]
- Sohn, Y.W.; Doane, S.M. Memory Processes of Flight Situation Awareness: Interactive Roles of Working Memory Capacity, Long-Term Working Memory, and Expertise. Hum. Factors J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 2004, 46, 461–475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sohn, Y.W.; Doane, S.M. Roles of Working Memory Capacity and Long-Term Working Memory Skill in Complex Task Performance. Mem. Cognit. 2003, 31, 458–466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Klein, M. The Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) Model: Looking Back, Looking Forward. In Naturalistic Decision Making; Psychology Press: New York, NY, USA, 1997; p. 440. [Google Scholar]
- Raab, M.; Johnson, J.G. Expertise-Based Differences in Search and Option-Generation Strategies. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 2007, 13, 158–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Buszard, T. On Learning to Anticipate in Youth Sport. Sports Med. 2022, 52, 2303–2314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taleb, N.N. (Anti) Fragility and Convex Responses in Medicine. In Unifying Themes in Complex Systems IX; Morales, A.J., Gershenson, C., Braha, D., Minai, A.A., Bar-Yam, Y., Eds.; Springer Proceedings in Complexity; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2018; pp. 299–325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bonini, N.; Del Misser, F.; Rumiati, R. Processi decisionali dinamici. In Psicologia del Giudizio e Della Decisione; Tentori, K., Ed.; Manuali Psicologia; Il Mulino: Bologna, Italy, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Ericsson, K.A.; Smith, J. (Eds.) Toward a General Theory of Expertise: Prospects and Limits; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; New York, NY, USA, 1991. [Google Scholar]
- Gabbett, T.; Rubinoff, M.; Thorburn, L.; Farrow, D. Testing and Training Anticipation Skills in Softball Fielders. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2007, 2, 15–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hopwood, M.J.; Mann, D.L.; Farrow, D.; Nielsen, T. Does Visual-Perceptual Training Augment the Fielding Performance of Skilled Cricketers? Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2011, 6, 523–535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Smeeton, N.J.; Williams, A.M.; Hodges, N.J.; Ward, P. The Relative Effectiveness of Various Instructional Approaches in Developing Anticipation Skill. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 2005, 11, 98–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Williams, A.M.; Ward, P.; Knowles, J.M.; Smeeton, N.J. Anticipation Skill in a Real-World Task: Measurement, Training, and Transfer in Tennis. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 2002, 8, 259–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Tier | Gender | Variables | Min | Max | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First | Male (n = 11) | Age (years) | 18 | 35 | 23.55 | 5.70 |
Years of practice | 2 | 3 | 2.91 | 0.30 | ||
Training frequency (time per week) | 3 | 5 | 4.64 | 0.81 | ||
Second | Male (n = 11) | Age (years) | 18 | 38 | 26.91 | 6.80 |
Years of practice | 2 | 3 | 2.91 | 0.30 | ||
Training frequency (time per week) | 2 | 5 | 3.27 | 0.79 | ||
Female (n = 16) | Age (years) | 17 | 40 | 26.19 | 6.90 | |
Years of practice | 1 | 3 | 2.79 | 0.58 | ||
Training frequency (time per week) | 3 | 5 | 3.44 | 0.63 |
Game Situation | Variables | First Tier | Second Tier | Comparison | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | DS | M | DS | MD (95% CI) | F | p | ES (95% CI) | ||
Game Situation 1—Offensive Process—Low Complexity | Time (s) | 240.73 | 108.49 | 129.75 | 68.61 | 110.98 (51.74, 170.22) | 14.43 | <0.001 | 1.36 (0.56, 2.15) |
Accuracy | 1.92 | 0.30 | 1.30 | 0.61 | 0.62 (0.24, 1.00) | 11.22 | 0.002 | 1.16 (0.41, 1.92) | |
Technical correctness | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.877 | 0.50 (−0.14, 1.14) | 2.48 | ns | ||
Game Situation 2—Defensive Process—Low Complexity | Time (s) | 207.71 | 86.82 | 119.26 | 45.89 | 88.46 (44.84, 132.07) | 16.92 | <0.001 | 1.47 (0.66, 2.28) |
Accuracy | 1.83 | 0.39 | 1.11 | 0.42 | 0.72 (0.43, 1.01) | 25.32 | <0.001 | 1.75 (0.93, 2.56) | |
Technical correctness | 1.33 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 0.85 | 0.68 (0.07, 1.29) | 5.14 | 0.03 | 0.79 (0.6, 1.52) | |
Game Situation 3—Defensive Process—High Complexity | Time (s) | 223.83 | 88.51 | 100.12 | 51.45 | 123.72 (71.65, 175.78) | 23.70 | <0.001 | 1.84 (0.92, 2.77) |
Accuracy | 1.58 | 0.52 | 1.05 | 0.70 | 0.53 (0.05, 1.01) | 5.06 | 0.03 | 0.83 (0.04, 1.62) | |
Technical correctness | 1.27 | 0.90 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.48 (−0.19, 1.61) | 2.13 | ns | ||
Game Situation 4—Offensive Process—High Complexity | Time (s) | 210.04 | 77.12 | 115.94 | 68.23 | 94.09 (42.33, 145.85) | 13.62 | <0.001 | 1.33 (0.53, 2.13) |
Accuracy | 1.83 | 0.39 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 0.91 (0.55, 1.26) | 26.59 | <0.001 | 1.79 (0.97, 2.61) | |
Technical correctness | 1.33 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.59 (0.01, 1.18) | 4.17 | 0.048 | 0.71 (−0.01, 1.43) |
Odds Ratio | SE | z | p-Value | Confidence Interval (95%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Game Situation 1 | Accuracy | 4.143 | 2.893 | 2.04 | 0.042 | 1.054 | 16.282 |
Technical Correctness | 1.405 | 0.651 | 0.73 | ns | 0.566 | 3.487 | |
Game Situation 2 | Accuracy | 16.548 | 16.631 | 2.79 | 0.005 | 2.308 | 118.644 |
Technical Correctness | 0.493 | 0.437 | −0.80 | ns | 0.087 | 2.797 | |
Game Situation 3 | Accuracy | 3.165 | 1.802 | 2.02 | 0.043 | 1.037 | 9.660 |
Technical Correctness | 1.747 | 0.807 | 1.21 | ns | 0.0706 | 4.322 | |
Game Situation 4 | Accuracy | 12.579 | 10.144 | 3.14 | 0.002 | 2.589 | 61.106 |
Technical Correctness | 2.735 | 1.34 | 2.05 | 0.040 | 1.047 | 7.145 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Nicolosi, S.; Quinto, A.; Lipoma, M.; Sgrò, F. Situational Analysis and Tactical Decision-Making in Elite Handball Players. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158920
Nicolosi S, Quinto A, Lipoma M, Sgrò F. Situational Analysis and Tactical Decision-Making in Elite Handball Players. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(15):8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158920
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolosi, Simona, Antonella Quinto, Mario Lipoma, and Francesco Sgrò. 2023. "Situational Analysis and Tactical Decision-Making in Elite Handball Players" Applied Sciences 13, no. 15: 8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158920
APA StyleNicolosi, S., Quinto, A., Lipoma, M., & Sgrò, F. (2023). Situational Analysis and Tactical Decision-Making in Elite Handball Players. Applied Sciences, 13(15), 8920. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158920