Musculoskeletal and Sociodemographic Gender Differences between Vocational Ballet Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics
3.2. Body Weight
3.3. Physical Examination
3.3.1. Dorsiflexion of the Index Finger
3.3.2. Trunk
3.3.3. Legs and Hips
3.3.4. Foot-Ankle Complex
4. Discussion
4.1. Age
4.2. Body Weight
4.3. Beginning with Ballet and Training
4.4. Physical Examination
4.4.1. Mobility of the Index Finger
4.4.2. Trunk
4.4.3. Legs and Hips
4.4.4. Foot-Ankle Complex
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic (Unit) | n (f/m) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age (a) | 412/191 | ||
Sociodemographic | Vision aid (yes/no) | 403/189 | |
Commenced with | Ballet (a) | 392/185 | |
Training (a) | 124/69 | ||
Anthropometry | Body | Height (cm) | 412/191 |
Weight (kg) | 412/191 | ||
Shoulder girdle | Symmetry * | 397/186 | |
Waist triangle | Symmetry * | 402/190 | |
Pelvis | Anterior/Posterior tilt * | 382/184 | |
Lateral tilt * | 400/187 | ||
Spine | Curvature * | 403/189 | |
Leg | Axis * | 402/186 | |
Length (cm) | 396/188 | ||
Intercondylar distance (TF) | 380/172 | ||
Tibial torsion (°) | 267/125 | ||
Foot | Rearfoot axis * | 402/189 | |
Instep * | 59/27 | ||
Longitudinal arch * | 374/177 | ||
Transversal arch * | 392/185 | ||
Big toe axis * | 404/189 | ||
Shape * | 397/188 | ||
Functionality | Hand | iMCP dorsiflexion (°) | 244/148 |
Spine | Mobility * | 402/186 | |
Hip | ER/IR (°) | 412/192 | |
Knee | Extension (°) | 390/184 | |
Ankle joint | Extension/Flexion (°) | 358/176 | |
Tarsus | Mobility * | 105/59 | |
MTP joint | Extension (°) | 392/184 | |
Flexion (°) | 391/184 |
Characteristic (Unit) | Female | Male | n (f/m) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (a) | 13.4 ± 3.5 (5.8–20.4) | 15.1 *** ± 3.2 (7.2–22.6) | 412/191 |
Body height (cm) | 152.4 ± 16.0 (113–179) | 166.2 *** ± 16.7 (121–197.5) | 412/191 |
Body weight (kg) | 38.5 ± 11.4 (17–64.6) | 52.7 *** ± 14.6 (21–95) | 412/191 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 16.1 ± 2.0 (11.3–22.2) | 18.5 *** ± 2.3 (13.3–24.4) | 411/192 |
BMI percentile ** a | 11.5 ± 12.0 (< 1–73) | 31.3 *** ± 20.5 (< 1–86) | 385/155 |
Commenced with | |||
Ballet (a) | 5.8 ± 2.3 (2–14) | 8.2 *** ± 2.9 (2–18) | 392/185 |
Training (a) | 13.5 ± 3.1 (6–18) | 14.6 * ± 3.1 (5–20) | 124/69 |
Characteristic | Female | Male | n (f/m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shoulder girdle | symmetrical | 76.6 | 86.6 ** | 397/186 |
asymmetrical | 23.4 | 13.4 ** | ||
Waist triangle | symmetrical | 71.1 | 83.2 * | 402/190 |
asymmetrical | 28.9 | 16.9 * | ||
Anterior/Posterior | physiological | 80.4 | 85.3 | 382/184 |
pelvic tilt | anterior tilt | 17.3 | 8.7 ** | |
posterior tilt | 2.4 | 6 | ||
Lateral pelvic tilt | straight | 83.8 | 87.2 | 400/187 |
tilted | 16.3 | 12.9 | ||
Spine | vertical | 58.8 | 65.6 | 403/189 |
Scoliosis | 27.5 | 20.1 | ||
scol. malposition | 10.4 | 7.4 | ||
flatback | 1 | 5.3 ** | ||
Kyph./Hyperlord. | 2.2 | 1.6 |
Characteristic (Unit) | Female | Male | n (f/m) |
---|---|---|---|
Leg Length (cm) | 82.8 ± 9.7 (59.0–101.0) | 90.7 *** ± 10.1 (62.0–110.0) | 396/188 |
ICD (TF) | 0.7 ± 1.1 (0–5) | 1.1 *** ± 1.4 (0–7) | 380/172 |
TT (°) | 22.2 ± 6.4 (2–40) | 22.8 * ± 5.9 (5–38) | 267/125 |
ER (°) | 59.1 ± 7.7 (35–75) | 61.9 *** ± 6.8 (40–80) | 412/192 |
IR (°) | 46.4 ± 10.1 (18–72) | 37.1 *** ± 11.1 (10–70) | 412/192 |
ROM (ER + IR) (°) | 105.5 ± 9.6 (78–138.5) | 99.0 *** ± 10.6 (72.5–130.0) | 412/192 |
Characteristic | Female | Male | n (f/m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
RFA | valgic | 32.1 | 24.3 | 402/189 |
straight | 57 | 59.3 | ||
varic | 10.9 | 16.4 | ||
Instep | high | 39 | 40.7 | 59/27 |
normal | 23.7 | 11.1 | ||
low | 37.3 | 48.1 | ||
Arch (l) | lowered | 84 | 87 | 374/177 |
preserved | 14.4 | 10.7 | ||
sperelevated | 1.6 | 2.3 | ||
Arch (t) | splayed | 53.8 | 49.7 | 392/185 |
not splayed | 46.2 | 50.3 | ||
Shape | egyptian | 42.3 | 48.9 | 397/188 |
greek | 37.8 | 37.8 | ||
roman | 11.1 | 8 | ||
interform | 8.8 | 5.3 | ||
Tarsus | flexible | 75.2 | 61 | 105/59 |
normal | 14.3 | 18.6 | ||
rigid | 10.5 | 20.3 |
Characteristic | Female | Male | n (f/m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ankle joint | dorsiflexion plantarflexion | 24.1 ± 4.8 (5–40) | 22.7 *** ± 4.7 (10–45) | 358/176 |
71.2 ± 7.4 (40–90) | 67.9 *** ± 7.6 (50–90) | 358/176 | ||
MTP joint | Dorsiflexion plantarflexion | 90.0 ± 4.6 (70–110) | 86.7 *** ± 8.4 (40–100) | 392/184 |
62.4 ± 5.1 (50–90) | 61.9 ± 5.4 (50–80) | 391/184 |
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Almasi, T.; Exner-Grave, E.; Ohlendorf, D.; Wanke, E.M. Musculoskeletal and Sociodemographic Gender Differences between Vocational Ballet Students. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010108
Almasi T, Exner-Grave E, Ohlendorf D, Wanke EM. Musculoskeletal and Sociodemographic Gender Differences between Vocational Ballet Students. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010108
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmasi, Tobias, Elisabeth Exner-Grave, Daniela Ohlendorf, and Eileen M. Wanke. 2023. "Musculoskeletal and Sociodemographic Gender Differences between Vocational Ballet Students" Applied Sciences 13, no. 1: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010108
APA StyleAlmasi, T., Exner-Grave, E., Ohlendorf, D., & Wanke, E. M. (2023). Musculoskeletal and Sociodemographic Gender Differences between Vocational Ballet Students. Applied Sciences, 13(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010108