Customizing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for Individuals with Dementia through a Participatory Design Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Burden of Dementia and Non-Pharmacological Approaches as a Research Priority
- IwD can benefit from cognitive stimulation if we mobilize relatively preserved cognitive functions (e.g., crystallized abilities such as semantic memory and verbal skills);
1.2. Interactive Technologies as a Valuable Tool to Implement Non-Pharmacological Approaches
- Reality Orientation—a quiz-like activity that includes date and time information.
- Creative Drawings—a puzzle-like game in which missing parts must be drawn using real paper and crayons.
- Activities of Daily Living (ADL)—a puzzle-like game in which real physical objects (e.g., toothpaste) must be used to answer.
- Search Objects—an exploration game where hidden images (e.g., cats) must be found using a magnifying glass.
- Knowledge Quiz—a quiz-like activity in which the correct answer must be selected.
- Association—a categorizing activity where items must be organized according to the instructions (e.g., separate cars from motorcycles).
1.3. Designing Interactive Technologies-Based CCSP’s for IwD
1.4. Aims of the Study
- RQ1: How can a participatory strategy be implemented to create content for a CCSP involving both IwD and formal caregivers?
- RQ2: Which guidelines should formal caregivers consider to engage IwD in the customization of CCSP?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
- (1)
- Interviews with formal caregivers
- (2)
- Interviews with IwD
- (3)
- Development of the activities
2.3. Tools
- Formal caregivers, in what concerns the development and implementation of cognitive stimulation activities of IwD (e.g., difficulties experienced);
- IwD when performing the implemented task (e.g., comments and feelings);
- The researcher, when implementing the task with IwD.
3. Results
3.1. Interviews with Formal Caregivers and IwD
3.2. Guidelines
- Communicating with IwD;
- Music content selection;
- Reminiscence content selection.
4. Discussion
- 1.
- Communicating with patients
- 2.
- Music content selection
- 3.
- Reminiscence content selection
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Groups | Inclusion Criteria |
---|---|
Formal caregivers |
|
IwD |
|
Sample Groups | Topics Approached |
---|---|
Formal Caregivers |
|
IwD |
|
Cycles | Sessions | Theme | Song |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 and 2 | Public Figures | A Mula da Cooperativa |
2 | 3 and 4 | Festivities | Laurindinha |
3 | 5 and 6 | Regional Traditions | Ó Rosa arredonda a saia |
4 | 7 and 8 | Flowers | Nem às paredes confesso |
5 | 9 and 10 | Agriculture | Playback |
6 | 11 and 12 | Regional Recipes | Aldeia da Roupa Branca |
7 | 13 and 14 | Foods | Olhos Castanhos |
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Spínola, M.; Câmara, J.; Ferreira, L.; Faria, A.L.; Badia, S.B.i. Customizing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for Individuals with Dementia through a Participatory Design Approach. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 11612. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211612
Spínola M, Câmara J, Ferreira L, Faria AL, Badia SBi. Customizing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for Individuals with Dementia through a Participatory Design Approach. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(22):11612. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211612
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpínola, Mónica, Joana Câmara, Luís Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Faria, and Sergi Bermúdez i Badia. 2022. "Customizing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for Individuals with Dementia through a Participatory Design Approach" Applied Sciences 12, no. 22: 11612. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211612
APA StyleSpínola, M., Câmara, J., Ferreira, L., Faria, A. L., & Badia, S. B. i. (2022). Customizing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for Individuals with Dementia through a Participatory Design Approach. Applied Sciences, 12(22), 11612. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211612