Numerical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Precast Pavement of Runways under the Wheel Load
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theories and Methods
2.1. Load Model of a Pavement Slab under an Aircraft Load
- (1)
- Aircraft load model simulation
- (2)
- Aircraft wheel load simulation
2.2. Finite Element Numerical Model of Runway Foundation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. When an Aircraft Load Acts on the Slab
3.2. When the Aircraft’s Load Acts on the Slab Edge
3.3. When the Aircraft Load Acts on Joints
3.4. Changes in Aircraft Load Acting on Different Positions of the Pavement Slab
3.5. Laboratory Test Verification
- the results are different due to the different conditions in laboratory test facilities and human errors;
- the results do not consider the stress and deformation caused by temperature changes on the pavement slab.
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The vertical displacement of the slab at the slab’s edge, and the connection between neighboring slabs, was relatively significant, with the greatest vertical displacement measuring at 1.92 mm and 1.71 mm, respectively. The coefficient of the transverse displacement attenuation of the wheel load operating on the center of the slab and the edge of neighboring slabs was comparable. A high deflection deformation on the transverse direction of the pavement slab was present, together with a small attenuation coefficient and a complex stress condition at the junction point.
- (2)
- The effect of the dowel bar on the load-bearing pavement slab was minimal, regardless of the slab’s different positions. The deflection load transfer coefficient of the loaded slab, relative to the unloaded slab, was 56.03% when the wheel load was acting on the center of the slab. The deflection load transfer coefficient that was measured when the wheel load was acting at the slab’s edge, was 27.08%. The conclusion that the dowel bar’s load transfer efficiency was lower when the aircraft wheel load was closer to another unloaded slab is based on the fact that when the wheel load acted on the joint of adjacent pavement slabs, the dowel bar rarely modified the load transfer of the pavement; however, it did affect the force at the joint point.
- (3)
- The edges of nearby slabs underwent the most vertical stress after the dowel bar was introduced, followed by center of the slab, and finally, the slab’s joints. The three vertical stresses were 0.295 MPa, 0.289 MPa, and 0.178 MPa. The junctions experienced the highest bending stress, which was then followed by the slab’s edges, and finally, the center of the slab. The bending stresses were 0.072 MPa, 0.025 MPa, and 0.016 MPa, respectively.
- (4)
- After comparing the laboratory test data with the simulation calculation, the results were found to be similar. The joint between the edge of the precast pavement slab and the neighboring pavement slab was the most unfavorable position of the precast pavement slab under the aircraft’s wheel load. This finding may help to understand the illness and damage mechanisms of existing pavement slab edges and joints. The warping distortion of the pavement slab along its edges and its surroundings, caused by the wheel load, would have a significant impact on the smoothness of the airport’s cement concrete pavement; therefore, in the future, it will be necessary to use theoretical numerical simulations and field tests to further verify the warping deformation of the slab, and to investigate the deformation of the slab caused by the effect of the temperature, the wheel load, and the stress characteristics along the direction of the slab’s thickness.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aircraft Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Suspension system mass (m2)/kN | 328 |
Non-suspension system mass (m1)/kN | 74.55 |
Rear landing gear tire stiffness coefficient (k1)/kN·m−1 | 9600 |
Rear suspension stiffness factor (k2)/kN·m−1 | 4800 |
Rear landing gear tire damping factor (c1)/kN·m−1·s−1 | 24 |
Rear suspension buffer damping factor (c2)/kN·m−1·s−1 | 20 |
Maximum ramp weight | 792.60 kN | Main landing gear spacing | 5.72 m |
Maximum takeoff weight | 790.04 kN | Number of main landing gear | 2 |
Maximum landing weight | 663.80 kN | Landing-gear tread | 0.86 |
Maximum fuel-free weight | 627.50 kN | Main landing gear configuration | Double round |
Empty weight | 414.30 kN | Main landing gear tire pressure | 1.47 MPa |
Main landing gear load distribution factor | 0.950 |
Parameters | Cement Concrete Pavement | Cement-Stabilized Macadam | Base |
---|---|---|---|
Thickness/m | 0.24 | 0.3 | -- |
Elasticity modulus/MPa | 38,000 | 1500 | 2000 |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.3 |
Position of Wheel Load | Vertical Stress/MPa | Flexural-Tensile Stress/MPa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Dowel Bar | Dowel Bar | No Dowel Bar | Dowel Bar | |||||
Slab Edge | Slab Middle | Slab Edge | Slab Middle | Slab Edge | Slab Middle | Slab Edge | Slab Middle | |
SM | 0.013 | 0.022 | 0.218 | 0.289 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.022 | 0.016 |
SE | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.245 | 0.295 | 0.024 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.025 |
SJ | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.210 | 0.178 | 0.032 | 0.010 | 0.044 | 0.072 |
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Liu, C.; Chong, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Chen, Z.; Lin, F.; Bai, P. Numerical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Precast Pavement of Runways under the Wheel Load. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 9826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199826
Liu C, Chong X, Wang L, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin F, Bai P. Numerical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Precast Pavement of Runways under the Wheel Load. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(19):9826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199826
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Chaojia, Xiaolei Chong, Lefan Wang, Jichao Zhang, Zhenglei Chen, Fantong Lin, and Pengkun Bai. 2022. "Numerical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Precast Pavement of Runways under the Wheel Load" Applied Sciences 12, no. 19: 9826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199826
APA StyleLiu, C., Chong, X., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Lin, F., & Bai, P. (2022). Numerical Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Precast Pavement of Runways under the Wheel Load. Applied Sciences, 12(19), 9826. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199826