Effect of Optical–Electrical–Thermal Coupling on the Performance of High-Concentration Multijunction Solar Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Model
2.1. Optical Model
2.2. Optical–Electrical–Thermal Model of Non-Uniform Concentration
2.3. Heat Transfer Model
3. Calculation Results and Analysis
3.1. Concentrated Light Intensity and Spectral Analysis along the Optical Axis
3.2. Analysis of the Cell Temperature along the Optical Axis
3.3. Analysis of the Optical–Electrical–Thermal Coupling Effect of Output Characteristics
3.3.1. Short-Circuit Current
3.3.2. Open-Circuit Voltage
3.3.3. Output Power
4. Experiment Results
5. Conclusions and Discussion
- Non-uniformity of concentration: The dispersion effect causes the irradiance concentrated, the spectrum distribution, energy and non-uniformity change significantly at different positions along the optical axis. Moreover, the energy proportion of short, medium and long wavelengths on the cell surface does not change synchronously thus causing the spectrum mismatch (including on the focal plane). For a Z value smaller than the focal distance, the loss of medium and long wavelengths mainly exists. For a Z value larger than the focal distance, the loss of short wavelengths mainly occurs. The non-uniformity of short, medium and long bands is the largest at 110.5 mm, 111.4 mm and 112.3 mm, respectively, and the non-uniformity of all wave bands is the largest at 111.8 mm, which is the result of the synthesis of the three bands.
- Output performance of multijunction cells: The non-uniformity of the focusing causes the photoelectric performance of the cell placed near the focal plane to decline the most. The optical–electrical–thermal coupling caused by the temperature rise aggravates the negative impact at the focal plane. Based on the numerical analysis of the coupling model and experiments, it was recommended that optimizing the placement position of the multijunction cell in the direction of the optical axis can effectively alleviate the negative effects of optical–electrical–thermal coupling caused by non-uniformity. In the passive heat dissipation condition of 500 times geometric concentration, compared with the cell placed on the on-focus position, the output power of the solar cell placed 2 mm in front of the focal plane increases by 35% and cell temperature decreases by 15%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Thickness (mm) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
Cell | 0.19 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
DBC upper layer | 0.25 | 23 | 25 |
DBC ceramic layer | 0.32 | 24.5 | 26.5 |
DBC lower layer | 0.25 | 24 | 26 |
Aluminum heat spreader | 0.6 | 90 | 90 |
Maximum PAR | Optical Axis Position of Maximum Par (Z) | |
---|---|---|
short wavelengths (300–700 nm) | 55.5 | 110.5 mm |
middle wavelengths (700–900 nm) | 67.4 | 111.4 mm |
long wavelengths (900–1700 nm) | 74.8 | 112.3 mm |
all wavelengths (300–1700 nm) | 64.1 | 111.8 mm |
Distance of the Cell from the Fresnel (mm) | 108 | 110 | 112 | 114 | 116 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
) | 56.8 | 62.2 | 63.2 | 58.2 | 51.9 |
(A) | 0.957 | 0.924 | 0.943 | 0.973 | 0.821 |
(V) | 2.656 | 2.636 | 2.621 | 2.645 | 2.667 |
0.783 | 0.726 | 0.617 | 0.687 | 0.777 | |
(W) | 1.990 | 1.769 | 1.529 | 1.767 | 1.702 |
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Shi, Q.; Shu, B.; Jiang, J.; Zhang, Y. Effect of Optical–Electrical–Thermal Coupling on the Performance of High-Concentration Multijunction Solar Cells. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125888
Shi Q, Shu B, Jiang J, Zhang Y. Effect of Optical–Electrical–Thermal Coupling on the Performance of High-Concentration Multijunction Solar Cells. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(12):5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125888
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Qi, Bifen Shu, Jingxiang Jiang, and Yuqi Zhang. 2022. "Effect of Optical–Electrical–Thermal Coupling on the Performance of High-Concentration Multijunction Solar Cells" Applied Sciences 12, no. 12: 5888. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125888