Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Pattern on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Exercise Protocol
2.3. Plantar Pressure Assessment Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | CS, n = 194 1 | 95% CI 2 | MS, n = 207 1 | 95% CI 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Foot contact | ||||
Forefoot | 18 (9.3%) | 5.7%, 14% | 43 (21%) | 16%, 27% |
Midfoot | 151 (78%) | 71%, 83% | 140 (68%) | 61%, 74% |
Rearfoot | 25 (13%) | 8.7%, 19% | 24 (12%) | 7.7%, 17% |
Predominant pattern | 153 (79%) | 72%, 84% | 167 (81%) | 74%, 86% |
Mean pressure (Kpa) | 79 (26) | 75, 83 | 84 (34) | 79, 88 |
Peak pressure (Kpa) | 156 (37) | 150, 161 | 173 (46) | 166, 179 |
Contact time (ms) | 195 (46) | 188, 201 | 195 (48) | 188, 201 |
3 CoP velocity (m/s) | 0.20 (0.10) | 0.19, 0.22 | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.17, 0.19 |
Relative force (%) | 58 (9) | 57, 59 | 56 (9) | 54, 57 |
Contact area (cm2) | 60 (14) | 58, 62 | 56 (18) | 53, 58 |
Mean Pressure | Peak Pressure | Contact Time | CoP Velocity | Relative Force | Contact Area | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p | Estimates | CI | p |
(Intercept) | 71.18 | 43.19 99.16 | <0.001 | 187.51 | 150.22 224.80 | <0.001 | 242.31 | 196.83 287.79 | <0.001 | 0.15 | 0.06 0.25 | 0.002 | 60.30 | 51.53 69.08 | <0.001 | 57.89 | 45.28 70.49 | <0.001 |
Condition [MS] | 20.80 | −6.57 48.18 | 0.136 | 15.91 | −19.46 51.28 | 0.377 | 22.04 | −25.12 69.21 | 0.359 | −0.03 | −0.13 0.07 | 0.542 | 1.97 | −7.54 11.49 | 0.684 | 6.60 | −4.21 17.42 | 0.231 |
Time | −1.23 | −2.74 0.28 | 0.110 | −4.30 | −6.27 −2.33 | <0.001 | −0.47 | −3.00 2.07 | 0.719 | 0.00 | −0.00 0.01 | 0.849 | −0.37 | −0.87 0.13 | 0.151 | 0.79 | 0.18 1.40 | 0.012 |
Foot contact [MF] | 17.44 | 4.87 30.00 | 0.007 | 20.54 | 4.26 36.82 | 0.014 | −33.78 | −55.28 −12.29 | 0.002 | 0.02 | −0.02 0.07 | 0.294 | 2.97 | −1.34 7.28 | 0.176 | −4.77 | −9.78 0.23 | 0.062 |
Foot contact [RF] | 24.63 | 7.42 41.84 | 0.005 | 36.20 | 13.87 58.52 | 0.002 | −9.35 | −38.69 19.99 | 0.531 | 0.05 | −0.01 0.11 | 0.109 | 2.74 | −3.12 8.60 | 0.359 | −6.97 | −13.85 −0.09 | 0.047 |
Predominant Pattern [Yes] | 11.76 | 2.22 21.29 | 0.016 | 15.68 | 3.31 28.05 | 0.013 | −11.67 | −27.94 4.59 | 0.159 | 0.02 | −0.01 0.06 | 0.190 | 0.67 | −2.59 3.92 | 0.687 | −4.56 | −8.37 −0.75 | 0.019 |
Condition [MS]: Predominant pattern [Yes] | −13.07 | −25.21 −0.92 | 0.035 | −14.68 | −30.39 1.03 | 0.067 | 21.52 | 0.66 42.38 | 0.043 | −0.02 | −0.07 0.02 | 0.269 | −2.30 | −6.50 1.90 | 0.282 | 4.41 | −0.41 9.23 | 0.073 |
Condition [MS]:Time | 1.49 | −0.27 3.26 | 0.096 | 3.07 | 0.79 5.35 | 0.008 | −4.45 | −7.48 −1.42 | 0.004 | 0.00 | −0.00 0.01 | 0.282 | 0.08 | −0.53 0.69 | 0.793 | −1.56 | −2.26 −0.86 | <0.001 |
Condition [MS]: Foot contact [MF] | −32.94 | −46.39 −19.49 | <0.001 | −34.98 | −52.33 −17.63 | <0.001 | 41.52 | 18.26 64.79 | 0.001 | −0.04 | −0.09 0.01 | 0.088 | −2.99 | −7.70 1.73 | 0.213 | 12.57 | 7.27 17.86 | <0.001 |
Condition [MS]: Foot contact [RF] | −41.06 | −59.31 −22.80 | <0.001 | −50.15 | −73.70 −26.60 | <0.001 | 44.74 | 13.15 76.32 | 0.006 | −0.03 | −0.10 0.03 | 0.331 | −8.61 | −15.01 −2.21 | 0.009 | 8.06 | 0.87 15.24 | 0.028 |
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Izquierdo-Renau, M.; Sanchis-Sanchis, R.; Priego-Quesada, J.I.; Encarnación-Martínez, A.; Queralt, A.; Pérez-Soriano, P. Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Pattern on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010506
Izquierdo-Renau M, Sanchis-Sanchis R, Priego-Quesada JI, Encarnación-Martínez A, Queralt A, Pérez-Soriano P. Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Pattern on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(1):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010506
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzquierdo-Renau, Marta, Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis, Jose I. Priego-Quesada, Alberto Encarnación-Martínez, Ana Queralt, and Pedro Pérez-Soriano. 2022. "Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Foot Strike Pattern on Plantar Pressure during a Prolonged Running" Applied Sciences 12, no. 1: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010506