Automatic Generation of N-Bar Planar Linkages Containing Sliders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Algorithm Procedures
2.1. Identification of Independent Loops
2.2. Generation of KCs with Sliders
2.3. Deriving Initial Topological Loop Code (ITLC)
- 1-
- Each loop has a corresponding matrix ITLC1×n = [M1, M2, M3, …, Mn](Where: n represents the number of pairs in the considered loop), i.e., each joint is represented as an element, Mi, in the ITLC.
- 2-
- Each element, Mi, has three digits. (Lx Ly Jt)Lx: refers to the type of the first link of a considered pair, Ly: refers to the type of the second link of the considered pair and Jt: refers to the type of pair.
- 3-
- Values of Lx Ly and Jt are indicated as follows:
- 4-
- Lx, Ly are sorting in ascending order.
2.4. Improving Topological Loop Code (TLC)
- 1-
- Vi, Elements of TLC, can be derived by resorting elements of ITLC starting from the lowest element.
- 2-
- Each loop will be represented by a matrix TLC 1×n = [V1, V2, V3, …, Vn]
- 3-
- The second element is the minimum element adjacent to the first element.
- 4-
- The second element indicates the sorting direction of other elements even clockwise or anticlockwise.
- 5-
- If there is more than one element that has the lowest value, the first element will be selected such that the maximum number of consequent lowest elements is achieved.
- 6-
- If close adjacent elements to the first element are equal, the sorting direction is identified according to the next adjacent elements on both sides.
2.5. Generation of KC Topological Matrix (KCTM)
3. Example: Generation of 10-Bar Chains with 3-Sliders
3.1. P-Joints Assignment
3.2. Generation of ITLC and TLC and KCTM for 10-Bar KC
- 1-
- Loop-1 consists of 4 links: A, I, H, and J
- 2-
- These link types are quaternary, ternary, ternary and binary links, respectively.
- 3-
- 4 joints connecting these links: all are revolute joints.
- 4-
- So that; ITLC (for loop-1) = [240, 340, 330, 230]
- 5-
- Joint-6 has the higher priority with M6 = 230. Joint-7 has the 2nd priority with M7 = 240. Hence, joint sorting is 6-7-12-13 with an anticlockwise direction.
- 6-
- Therefore, TLC can be derived by resorting ITLC in step 4 to start with M6. Hence, TLC (for loop-1) = [230, 240, 340, 330].
- 7-
- TLC for all loops can be derived as shown in Figure 6.
- 8-
- A VC++ code is developed to obtain TLC for all enumerated KCs as shown in Figure 7.
4. Isomorphism Detection Using KCTM
5. Check for Rejected Chains Using TLC
- R1-No link of a chain can contain only P-pairs which directions are parallel.
- R2-Binary links of a chain with only P-pairs cannot be connected directly.
- R3-No closed circuit of a chain can have less than two R-pairs.
6. Results
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
KCs | kinematic chains |
KCTM | kinematic chain topological matrix |
TLC | Topological loop code |
ITLC | Initial topological loop code |
DOF | Degree of freedom |
GA | Genetic algorithm |
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Stephenson | Watt | A 10-Bar Chain | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Prismatic Pairs | 1P | 2P | 3P | 1P | 2P | 3P | 1P | 2P | 3P |
Enumeration Results | 7 | 21 | 35 | 7 | 21 | 35 | 13 | 78 | 286 |
Rejected KCs | - | 4 | 19 | - | 4 | 20 | - | 5 | 64 |
Available KCs | 3 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 73 | 222 |
Non-isomorphic KCs | 4 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 73 | 222 |
Total KCs | 21 | 16 | 308 |
Present Results | Other Results | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1P | 2P | 3P | 1P | 2P | 3P | ||
6-bar chains | Stephenson | 4 | 9 | 8 | 3 [1], common [8] | 8 [1], common [8] | 12 [1], common [8] |
Watt | 3 | 7 | 6 | 3 [1], common [8] | 8 [1], common [8] | 12 [1], common [8] | |
8-bar chains | Chain-1 | 4 | 15 | 25 | 4 [1], common [8] | 16 [1], common [8] | 36 [1], common [8] |
Chain-2 | 6 | 22 | 43 | 6 [1], common [8] | 25 [1], common [8] | 64 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-3 | 3 | 13 | 23 | 3 [1], common [8] | 10 [1], common [8] | 22 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-4 | 6 | 23 | 43 | 10 [1], common [8] | 45 [1], common [8] | 120 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-5 | 10 | 41 | 81 | 6 [1], common [8] | 25 [1], common [8] | 64 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-6 | 6 | 22 | 43 | 2 [1], common [8] | 9 [1], common [8] | 18 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-7 | 6 | 23 | 45 | 6 [1], common [8] | 25 [1], common [8] | 64 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-8 | 7 | 24 | 48 | 5 [1], common [8] | 18 [1], common [8] | 42 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-9 | 10 | 41 | 83 | 2 [1], common [8] | 8 [1], common [8] | 13 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-10 | 5 | 22 | 39 | 5 [1], common [8] | 25 [1], common [8] | 60 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-11 | 10 | 40 | 78 | 10 [1], common [8] | 45 [1], common [8] | 120 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-12 | 10 | 40 | 78 | 8 [1], common [8] | 31 [1], common [8] | 76 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-13 | 5 | 22 | 43 | 3 [1], common [8] | 12 [1], common [8] | 24 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-14 | 10 | 40 | 79 | 8 [1], common [8] | 31 [1], common [8] | 76 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-15 | 3 | 14 | 23 | 3 [1], common [8] | 8 [1], common [8] | 18 [1], common [8] | |
Chain-16 | 7 | 24 | 42 | 3 [1], common [8] | 12 [1], common [8] | 23 [1], common [8] | |
10-bar chain | Chain-1 | 13 | 73 | 222 | New result | New result | New result |
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Helal, M.; Hu, J.W.; Eleashy, H. Automatic Generation of N-Bar Planar Linkages Containing Sliders. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 3546. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083546
Helal M, Hu JW, Eleashy H. Automatic Generation of N-Bar Planar Linkages Containing Sliders. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(8):3546. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083546
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelal, Mahmoud, Jong Wan Hu, and Hasan Eleashy. 2021. "Automatic Generation of N-Bar Planar Linkages Containing Sliders" Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3546. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083546
APA StyleHelal, M., Hu, J. W., & Eleashy, H. (2021). Automatic Generation of N-Bar Planar Linkages Containing Sliders. Applied Sciences, 11(8), 3546. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083546