Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. White Metal Powder
2.2. Test Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Micro Vickers Hardness Testing
3.2. SEM Microstructure Analysis and EDS Analysis
3.3. XRD Analysis of Laser Cladding
3.4. Friction Testing Analysis
4. Conclusions
- The hardness values of the cladding (white metal) layer ranged between 24 HV and 26 HV in both the centrifugal casting and laser cladding methods. However, the hardness of white metal produced by laser cladding at about a depth of 0.1 mm rose rapidly in the cladding process, forming an HAZ with an average hardness value of 200 HV at a laser power of 1.1 kW, 325 HV at 1.3 kW and 430 HV at 1.5 kW. In addition, the hardness value increased as the powder feed rate and laser head speed decreased;
- No HAZ was observed in centrifugal casting, and adequate powder cladding and uniform HAZ formation were achieved at an adequate laser power during laser cladding. A laser power of 1.3 kW, powder feed rate of 2.5 rpm and head speed of 10 mm/s were found to be the optimal conditions for white metal cladding;
- The analysis of the surface friction testing results revealed no significant differences in the friction coefficient between the centrifugal casting and laser cladding methods, which allows the assumption that the processing method does not significantly influence the friction coefficient;
- The XRD analyses of the white metal powder and laser-cladded white metal revealed peaks of Sb1, Sn1, Sb2 and Sn23 crystal phases, with a much higher intensity in the case of the laser-cladded white metal. This indicates an increased density during crystallization, along with the particle coagulation during cladding.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sn | Sb | Cu | Bi | Pb | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
88.7 | 7.8 | 3.5 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.001 |
Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Laser power (kW) | 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 |
Powder supply rate (rpm) | 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 |
Head speed (mm/s) | 10, 15, 20 |
Element | a (wt.%) | b (wt.%) |
---|---|---|
Si | 0.51 | 0 |
Fe | 10.96 | 0.81 |
Cu | 12.31 | 39.95 |
Sn | 71.44 | 56.53 |
Sb | 4.77 | 2.7 |
Total | 100 | 100 |
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Jeong, J.-I.; Kim, J.-H.; Choi, S.-G.; Cho, Y.T.; Kim, C.-K.; Lee, H. Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062836
Jeong J-I, Kim J-H, Choi S-G, Cho YT, Kim C-K, Lee H. Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(6):2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062836
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Jae-Il, Jong-Hyoung Kim, Si-Geun Choi, Young Tae Cho, Chan-Kyu Kim, and Ho Lee. 2021. "Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment" Applied Sciences 11, no. 6: 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062836
APA StyleJeong, J.-I., Kim, J.-H., Choi, S.-G., Cho, Y. T., Kim, C.-K., & Lee, H. (2021). Mechanical Properties of White Metal on SCM440 Alloy Steel by Laser Cladding Treatment. Applied Sciences, 11(6), 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062836