Development and Evaluation of Low-Damage Maize Snapping Mechanism Based on Deformation Energy Conversion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Analysis of Ear Picking Based on the Principle of Energy Balance
2.2. Parameter Design of Key Component
2.2.1. Determination of Ear Deformation Energy
2.2.2. Improved Design of Ear Snapping Mechanism Based on Energy Conversion
2.3. Basic Structure of the Improved Mechanism
2.4. The Establishment of Simulation Model Based on Finite Element Method
2.5. Performance Test
2.5.1. Test Materials and Equipment
2.5.2. Test Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Energy Conversion Analysis Based on FEM
3.2. Results and Discussion of Performance Test
3.2.1. Test Results
3.2.2. Regression Equation and Significance Test
3.2.3. Analysis of the Influence of Interaction Factors on the Ear Damage Rate
3.2.4. Parameter Optimization
4. Conclusions
- Ear picking served as a key link in maize harvesting and reducing stresses on the ear, which was important in solving issues related to ear damage. However, stresses of the ears were noted to be more complicated during the picking process. Therefore, this study analysed the interaction between the ears and the ear picking parts in view of energy balance. By conducting a theoretical analysis, the main factors of ear damage were found to be the machine forward speed and speed of the stalk roller.
- In order to reduce the ear damage in the ear picking process, the ear snapping mechanism was improved based on ear deformation energy conversion. Accordingly, the compression spring was designed, and the working range of the compression spring was determined (17.3 N·mm−1, 55.8 N·mm−1). In order to verify the effectiveness of the ear deformation energy reduction of the low-damage mechanism, a comparative experiment was carried out in FEM under the conditions of the snapping plate with or without compression spring. The results showed that the ear snapping plate with a compression spring could reduce the internal energy of both the most stressed kernel and the whole ear. In addition, the possibility of ear damage was reduced at the same time.
- In order to determine the optimized parameters of the snapping mechanism, a performance test was carried out based on the Box–Behnken test design. The primary and secondary order for which the factors affecting the ear damage rate was found to be the rotational speed of the stalk roller, spring stiffness and forward speed. The data processing software Design Expert 8.0.6 was used to optimize the parameters. The ear damage rate was taken as the test index, in which the rotational speed of the stalk roller was found to be 805 r·min−1, while the forward speed was 1.29 m·s−1 and the spring stiffness was 33.5 N·mm−1. Furthermore, the ear damage rate predicted by the model was noted to be 0.023%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Range/J | Mean/J | Standard Deviation/J |
---|---|---|---|
30° | 0.424~1.144 | 0.791 | 0.166 |
60° | 0.442~1.135 | 0.817 | 0.171 |
90° | 0.621~1.243 | 0.842 | 0.156 |
Item | Parameters | Values |
---|---|---|
Corn cob | Poisson’s ratio | 0.0539 |
Elastic modulus/Pa | 5 × 108 | |
Density/(kg·m−3) | 0.6 × 103 | |
Corn kernel | Poisson’s ratio | 0.031 |
Elastic modulus/Pa | 2.8 × 108 | |
Density/(kg·m−3) | 1.24 × 103 | |
Corn kernel-steel board | Coefficient of static friction | 0.34 |
Levels | Factors | ||
---|---|---|---|
Rotational Speed x1/(r·min−1) | Forward Speed x2/(m·s−1) | Spring Stiffness x3/(N·mm−1) | |
−1 | 750 | 1.11 | 17.3 |
0 | 850 | 1.39 | 36.6 |
1 | 950 | 1.67 | 55.8 |
Serial Number | Factors | Respond Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rotational Speed X1 | Forward Speed X2 | Spring Stiffness X3 | Ear Damage Rate/% | |
1 | −1.00 | −1.00 | 0.00 | 0.028 |
2 | 1.00 | −1.00 | 0.00 | 0.049 |
3 | −1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.037 |
4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.060 |
5 | −1.00 | 0.00 | −1.00 | 0.041 |
6 | 1.00 | 0.00 | −1.00 | 0.062 |
7 | −1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.053 |
8 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.075 |
9 | 0.00 | −1.00 | −1.00 | 0.042 |
10 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.00 | 0.048 |
11 | 0.00 | −1.00 | 1.00 | 0.054 |
12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.060 |
13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.029 |
14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.032 |
15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.023 |
16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.027 |
17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.022 |
Source | Ear Damage Rate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sum of Squares | Freedom | F Value | p Value | |
Model | 3.84 × 10−3 | 9 | 38.57 | <0.0001 |
X1 | 9.461 × 10−4 | 1 | 85.51 | <0.0001 |
X2 | 1.280 × 10−4 | 1 | 11.57 | 0.0114 |
X3 | 3.001 × 10−4 | 1 | 27.13 | 0.0012 |
X1X2 | 1.000 × 10−6 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.7724 |
X1X3 | 2.5 × 10−7 | 1 | 0.023 | 0.8848 |
X2X3 | 0 | 1 | 0.00 | 1.0000 |
X12 | 5.888 × 10−4 | 1 | 53.21 | 0.0002 |
X22 | 1.084 × 10−4 | 1 | 9.80 | 0.0166 |
X32 | 1.572 × 10−3 | 1 | 142.12 | <0.0001 |
Residual | 7.745 × 10−5 | 7 | ||
Lack-Fit | 8.250 × 10−6 | 3 | 0.16 | 0.9186 |
Pure Error | 6.920 × 10−5 | 4 | ||
Cor total | 3.918 × 10−3 | 16 |
Serial No. | Ear Damage Rate/% |
---|---|
1 | 0.019 |
2 | 0.018 |
3 | 0.020 |
4 | 0.020 |
5 | 0.018 |
Mean | 0.019 |
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Zhang, Z.; Geng, A. Development and Evaluation of Low-Damage Maize Snapping Mechanism Based on Deformation Energy Conversion. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 12158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412158
Zhang Z, Geng A. Development and Evaluation of Low-Damage Maize Snapping Mechanism Based on Deformation Energy Conversion. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(24):12158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412158
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhilong, and Aijun Geng. 2021. "Development and Evaluation of Low-Damage Maize Snapping Mechanism Based on Deformation Energy Conversion" Applied Sciences 11, no. 24: 12158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412158
APA StyleZhang, Z., & Geng, A. (2021). Development and Evaluation of Low-Damage Maize Snapping Mechanism Based on Deformation Energy Conversion. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 12158. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412158