Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Single daylight press.
- Multi-opening press.
- Continues line press.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Density Profile Test
2.2. Bending and Internal Bonding Test
2.3. Vertical Density Profile or X-ray Graph
2.4. ISO and ASTM Standards for Statistical Testing Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Experiment No. 1
3.2. Experiment No. 2
3.3. Experiment No. 3
3.4. Experiment No. 4
3.5. Experiment No. 5
4. Comparative Analysis
4.1. Vertical Density Profile
4.2. Density Profile
4.3. Internal Bonding and Strength of the Sheet
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S.No | Parameters | Value |
---|---|---|
1 | Temperature | 200–220 °C |
2 | Pressure | 145–155 bar |
3 | Time | 260–275 s |
4 | Moisture contents | 8.00–10.00% |
S.No. | Temperature °C | Pressure Bar | Cycle Time S | Moisture Content % | Bending N/mm2 | Internal Bonding N/mm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 195 | 145 | 260 | 8.00 | 12 | 0.25 |
2 | 200 | 145 | 260 | 8.00 | 24 | 0.56 |
3 | 200 | 153 | 268 | 8.80 | 16 | 0.40 |
4 | 202 | 152 | 265 | 9.50 | 17 | 0.38 |
5 | 205 | 155 | 270 | 10.00 | 22 | 0.46 |
6 | 206 | 154 | 266 | 9.75 | 19 | 0.41 |
7 | 207 | 147 | 260 | 8.70 | 18 | 0.39 |
8 | 210 | 150 | 265 | 8.50 | 28 | 0.55 |
9 | 211 | 148 | 263 | 8.20 | 15 | 0.44 |
10 | 213 | 150 | 270 | 9.20 | 14 | 0.42 |
11 | 215 | 155 | 275 | 9.00 | 26 | 0.58 |
12 | 218 | 145 | 275 | 10.00 | 21 | 0.43 |
13 | 220 | 155 | 265 | 8.00 | 32 | 0.64 |
14 | 225 | 155 | 272 | 8.00 | 20 | 0.39 |
S.No. | Temperature °C | Pressure Bar | Cycle Time S | Moisture Content % | Bending N/mm2 | Internal Bonding N/mm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 200 | 145 | 260 | 8.00 | 24 | 0.56 |
2 | 205 | 155 | 270 | 10.00 | 22 | 0.46 |
3 | 210 | 150 | 265 | 8.50 | 28 | 0.55 |
4 | 215 | 155 | 275 | 9.00 | 26 | 0.58 |
5 | 220 | 155 | 265 | 8.00 | 32 | 0.64 |
S.No. | Density Kg/m3 | Piece No | Weight (g) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 744 | L1 | 261.14 | 200 | 100 | 17.56 |
2 | 713 | L2 | 249.16 | 200 | 100 | 17.48 |
3 | 710 | L3 | 250.34 | 200 | 100 | 17.64 |
4 | 715 | L4 | 250.65 | 200 | 100 | 17.52 |
5 | 712 | L5 | 250.66 | 200 | 100 | 17.61 |
6 | 714 | L6 | 250.76 | 200 | 100 | 17.56 |
7 | 709 | R6 | 249.34 | 200 | 100 | 17.59 |
8 | 710 | R5 | 250.66 | 200 | 100 | 17.65 |
9 | 711 | R4 | 251.11 | 200 | 100 | 17.66 |
10 | 711 | R3 | 252.43 | 200 | 100 | 17.75 |
11 | 713 | R2 | 251.56 | 200 | 100 | 17.65 |
12 | 739 | R1 | 260.34 | 200 | 100 | 17.61 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Span mm | Sample weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 641 | 24.04 | 320 | 198.24 | 670 |
Middle M2 | 653 | 24.49 | 320 | 195.66 | 661 |
Middle M3 | 648 | 24.30 | 320 | 194.35 | 657 |
Middle M4 | 655 | 24.56 | 320 | 196.41 | 664 |
Middle M5 | 648 | 24.30 | 320 | 199.12 | 673 |
Average | 24.34 | 665 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Sample weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 1523 | 0.61 | 26.85 | 671 |
Middle M2 | 1411 | 0.56 | 26.44 | 661 |
Middle M3 | 1278 | 0.51 | 26.31 | 658 |
Middle M4 | 1352 | 0.54 | 26.13 | 653 |
Middle M5 | 1466 | 0.59 | 27.26 | 682 |
Average | 0.56 | 665 |
Density | Average | 850 | kg/m3 | |
Min. | Valve | 652 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 5.392 | mm | ||
Max. Left | Valve | 849 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.560 | mm | ||
Max. Right | Valve | 851 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.713 | mm | ||
Ratio | Min./Avg | 81.10 | % | |
Gravimetric Valve | Width | 50 | mm | |
Depth | 50 | mm | ||
Weight | 29.21 | g |
S.No. | Density Kg/m3 | Piece No | Weight (g) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 687 | L1 | 256.66 | 200 | 100 | 18.68 |
2 | 655 | L2 | 245.13 | 200 | 100 | 18.71 |
3 | 654 | L3 | 244.23 | 200 | 100 | 18.66 |
4 | 653 | L4 | 243.67 | 200 | 100 | 18.65 |
5 | 657 | L5 | 244.54 | 200 | 100 | 18.61 |
6 | 663 | L6 | 245.98 | 200 | 100 | 18.56 |
7 | 657 | R6 | 244.45 | 200 | 100 | 18.59 |
8 | 659 | R5 | 243.98 | 200 | 100 | 18.52 |
9 | 659 | R4 | 244.45 | 200 | 100 | 18.55 |
10 | 658 | R3 | 244.98 | 200 | 100 | 18.61 |
11 | 661 | R2 | 246.56 | 200 | 100 | 18.64 |
12 | 688 | R1 | 257.76 | 200 | 100 | 18.72 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Span mm | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 600 | 22.50 | 320 | 201.14 | 680 |
Middle M2 | 556 | 20.85 | 320 | 198.46 | 670 |
Middle M3 | 582 | 21.83 | 320 | 196.33 | 663 |
Middle M4 | 599 | 22.46 | 320 | 197.67 | 668 |
Middle M5 | 614 | 23.03 | 320 | 200.56 | 678 |
Average | 22.13 | 672 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 1167 | 0.47 | 26.26 | 657 |
Middle M2 | 1219 | 0.49 | 26.01 | 650 |
Middle M3 | 1075 | 0.43 | 25.56 | 639 |
Middle M4 | 1200 | 0.48 | 25.98 | 650 |
Middle M5 | 1115 | 0.45 | 26.11 | 653 |
Average | 0.46 | 650 |
Density | Average | 898 | kg/m3 | |
Min. | Valve | 550 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 6.921 | mm | ||
Max. Left | Valve | 895 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.495 | mm | ||
Max. Right | Valve | 899 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.623 | mm | ||
Ratio | Min./Avg | 79.92 | % | |
Gravimetric Valve | Width | 50 | mm | |
Depth | 50 | mm | ||
Weight | 27.52 | g |
S.No. | Density Kg/m3 | Piece No | Weight (g) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 728 | L1 | 262.56 | 200 | 100 | 18.03 |
2 | 707 | L2 | 255.44 | 200 | 100 | 18.06 |
3 | 705 | L3 | 254.19 | 200 | 100 | 18.02 |
4 | 706 | L4 | 253.91 | 200 | 100 | 17.99 |
5 | 704 | L5 | 254.03 | 200 | 100 | 18.05 |
6 | 710 | L6 | 255.71 | 200 | 100 | 18.01 |
7 | 709 | R6 | 254.54 | 200 | 100 | 17.96 |
8 | 709 | R5 | 254.98 | 200 | 100 | 17.99 |
9 | 708 | R4 | 255.45 | 200 | 100 | 18.04 |
10 | 711 | R3 | 255.98 | 200 | 100 | 18.01 |
11 | 711 | R2 | 256.56 | 200 | 100 | 18.05 |
12 | 734 | R1 | 263.63 | 200 | 100 | 17.97 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Span mm | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 715 | 26.81 | 320 | 205.76 | 695 |
Middle M2 | 756 | 28.35 | 320 | 203.12 | 686 |
Middle M3 | 781 | 29.29 | 320 | 200.34 | 677 |
Middle M4 | 736 | 27.60 | 320 | 202.75 | 685 |
Middle M5 | 709 | 26.59 | 320 | 205.61 | 695 |
Average | 27.73 | 688 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 1387 | 0.55 | 27.55 | 689 |
Middle M2 | 1468 | 0.59 | 27.23 | 681 |
Middle M3 | 1254 | 0.50 | 26.15 | 654 |
Middle M4 | 1345 | 0.54 | 25.35 | 634 |
Middle M5 | 1477 | 0.59 | 27.86 | 697 |
Average | 0.55 | 671 |
Density | Average | 798 | kg/m3 | |
Min. | Valve | 652 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 7.020 | mm | ||
Max. Left | Valve | 790 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.569 | mm | ||
Max. Right | Valve | 800 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.758 | mm | ||
Ratio | Min./Avg | 77.75 | % | |
Gravimetric Valve | Width | 50 | mm | |
Depth | 50 | mm | ||
Weight | 26.52 | g |
S.No. | Density Kg/m3 | Piece No | Weight (g) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 723.0 | L1 | 265.21 | 200 | 100 | 18.34 |
2 | 694.4 | L2 | 254.29 | 200 | 100 | 18.31 |
3 | 701.3 | L3 | 256.13 | 200 | 100 | 18.26 |
4 | 695.1 | L4 | 255.11 | 200 | 100 | 18.35 |
5 | 693.9 | L5 | 254.23 | 200 | 100 | 18.32 |
6 | 700.0 | L6 | 257.87 | 200 | 100 | 18.42 |
7 | 695.3 | R6 | 255.45 | 200 | 100 | 18.37 |
8 | 693.3 | R5 | 254.32 | 200 | 100 | 18.34 |
9 | 701.1 | R4 | 256.76 | 200 | 100 | 18.31 |
10 | 692.3 | R3 | 254.34 | 200 | 100 | 18.37 |
11 | 694.0 | R2 | 255.67 | 200 | 100 | 18.42 |
12 | 728.5 | R1 | 266.76 | 200 | 100 | 18.31 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Span mm | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 687 | 25.76 | 320 | 201.13 | 679 |
Middle M2 | 676 | 25.35 | 320 | 197.52 | 667 |
Middle M3 | 695 | 26.06 | 320 | 195.63 | 661 |
Middle M4 | 703 | 26.36 | 320 | 198.98 | 672 |
Middle M5 | 707 | 26.51 | 320 | 200.23 | 676 |
Average | 26.01 | 671 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 1456 | 0.58 | 27.12 | 678 |
Middle M2 | 1515 | 0.61 | 26.52 | 663 |
Middle M3 | 1378 | 0.55 | 26.13 | 653 |
Middle M4 | 1404 | 0.56 | 25.54 | 639 |
Middle M5 | 1511 | 0.60 | 27.76 | 694 |
Average | 0.58 | 665 |
Density | Average | 750 | kg/m3 | |
Min. | Valve | 525 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 7.052 | mm | ||
Max. Left | Valve | 755 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.461 | mm | ||
Max. Right | Valve | 746 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.836 | mm | ||
Ratio | Min./Avg | 82.4 | % | |
Gravimetric Valve | Width | 50 | mm | |
Depth | 50 | mm | ||
Weight | 28.78 | g |
S.No. | Density Kg/m3 | Piece No | Weight (g) | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 744 | L1 | 268.24 | 200 | 100 | 18.03 |
2 | 721 | L2 | 260.11 | 200 | 100 | 18.05 |
3 | 726 | L3 | 261.56 | 200 | 100 | 18.01 |
4 | 725 | L4 | 260.78 | 200 | 100 | 17.98 |
5 | 724 | L5 | 261.31 | 200 | 100 | 18.05 |
6 | 721 | L6 | 259.78 | 200 | 100 | 18.02 |
7 | 721 | R6 | 260.04 | 200 | 100 | 18.03 |
8 | 725 | R5 | 260.98 | 200 | 100 | 17.99 |
9 | 724 | R4 | 260.64 | 200 | 100 | 17.99 |
10 | 725 | R3 | 261.25 | 200 | 100 | 18.01 |
11 | 724 | R2 | 260.65 | 200 | 100 | 18.01 |
12 | 750 | R1 | 269.78 | 200 | 100 | 17.99 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Span mm | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 827 | 31.01 | 320 | 207.53 | 701 |
Middle M2 | 856 | 32.10 | 320 | 205.11 | 693 |
Middle M3 | 898 | 33.68 | 320 | 203.68 | 688 |
Middle M4 | 861 | 32.29 | 320 | 207.09 | 700 |
Middle M5 | 854 | 32.03 | 320 | 208.65 | 705 |
Average | 32.22 | 697 |
Sample | P.max N | Strength N/mm2 | Sample Weight (g) | Density kg/mm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle M1 of right | 1698 | 0.68 | 27.76 | 694 |
Middle M2 | 1587 | 0.63 | 27.98 | 700 |
Middle M3 | 1476 | 0.59 | 27.11 | 678 |
Middle M4 | 1523 | 0.61 | 27.31 | 683 |
Middle M5 | 1654 | 0.66 | 27.64 | 691 |
Average | 0.64 | 689 |
Density | Average | 950 | kg/m3 | |
Min. | Valve | 752 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 8.201 | mm | ||
Max. Left | Valve | 942 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.593 | mm | ||
Max. Right | Valve | 947 | kg/m3 | |
Position | 0.792 | mm | ||
Ratio | Min./Avg | 89.2 | % | |
Gravimetric Valve | Width | 50 | mm | |
Depth | 50 | mm | ||
Weight | 32.2 | g |
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Minhas, A.H.; Ullah, N.; Riaz, A.A.; Siddiqi, M.U.R.; Abualnaja, K.M.; Althubeiti, K.; Muhammad, R. Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210769
Minhas AH, Ullah N, Riaz AA, Siddiqi MUR, Abualnaja KM, Althubeiti K, Muhammad R. Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(22):10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210769
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinhas, Asfar Hameed, Naveed Ullah, Asim Ahmad Riaz, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi, Khamael M. Abualnaja, Khaled Althubeiti, and Riaz Muhammad. 2021. "Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press" Applied Sciences 11, no. 22: 10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210769
APA StyleMinhas, A. H., Ullah, N., Riaz, A. A., Siddiqi, M. U. R., Abualnaja, K. M., Althubeiti, K., & Muhammad, R. (2021). Experimental Investigation of Vertical Density Profile of Medium Density Fiberboard in Hot Press. Applied Sciences, 11(22), 10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210769