Study on the Interference Process of Liquid Radial Reflux on the Stability of a Shaped Charge Jet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis
- (1)
- The radial and axial pressures of the initial reaming are equal, and the product of reaming pressure and hole wall area is constant.
- (2)
- During penetration, the jet is approximately a cylindrical rod.
- (3)
- Considering that the effect of liquid viscosity is small, it is ignored in the analysis of penetration [24].
- (4)
- The effect of shell plastic deformation in the penetration process is ignored.
3. Simulation Analysis
3.1. Simulation Modeling
3.2. Simulation Results
4. Experiments and Calculation
4.1. X-ray Experiment
4.2. DOP Experiment
4.3. Comparison between Experimental and Theoretical Results
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The interference of liquid radial reflux in the SCJ mainly comprises three parts: side-wall reflection interference, bottom plate reflection interference, and side-wall secondary reflection interference. The bottom plate reflection interference has observed interference on the tip of the SCJ.
- (2)
- The interference jet velocity interval during jet penetration in the LFCS is based on the theoretical model, and the residual penetration depth can be calculated through its combination with the stand-off curve of the jet.
- (3)
- Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the LFCS has interference on the head of the SCJ. Thus, applying the LFCS to extreme protection fields, such as ammunition safety protection, is possible.
- (4)
- The theoretical model established in this study is suitable for calculating the interference process of the LFCS with a Newtonian liquid in the SCJ to predict the anti-jet capacity of the LFCS.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
penetration depth of the SCJ in liquid | |
residual velocity after jet penetration into the cover plate | |
coordinate value of the virtual origin | |
stand-off | |
thickness of the LFCS panel | |
thickness of the bottom plate of the LFCS | |
density of the liquid | |
density of the SCJ | |
residual velocity of the jet that penetrates the liquid | |
time of jet penetration into the liquid | |
crater radius of the liquid | |
wall pressure of the liquid crater | |
penetration dynamic pressure | |
reaming pressure of the crater | |
radius of the jet | |
density of the liquid at atmospheric pressure | |
crater formed by the jet | |
penetration velocity of the jet | |
sound velocity of the liquid | |
velocity of the shock wave | |
normal direction of the Mach angle | |
initial shock wave propagation along the radial direction | |
, | propagation times of the shock wave in two different directions |
radius of the inner cavity of the shell | |
closing pressure of the crater | |
intensity of the side-wall reflection shock wave | |
reflection coefficient of the shock wave | |
closing velocity of the liquid particle | |
material constant of the liquid | |
time for the liquid particle to move from the crater wall to the jet surface | |
, | times of liquid movements to the jet surface corresponding to the two propagation paths |
, | jet velocities at the positions where the liquid converges to the jet surface |
intensity of the bottom reflection shock wave at the crater wall | |
liquid closing speed of the crater wall at the bottom of the LFCS | |
time for the bottom plate reflection shock wave to propagate to the crater wall | |
liquid closing time | |
maximum velocity of the interference jet at the bottom plate reflection interference stage | |
height of the liquid level drop caused by liquid spraying | |
liquid-spraying velocity | |
reaming area of the bottom plate | |
liquid-spraying time | |
, | propagation times of the shock wave corresponding to the two propagation paths |
height of the inner cavity of the shell | |
Mach angle | |
minimum interference velocities of the liquid to the jet driven by the secondary reflection shock wave | |
maximum interference velocities of the liquid to the jet driven by the secondary reflection shock wave | |
distance between the bottom of the LFCS and the horizontal ground | |
, | corresponding magnification factors of X-ray tubes A and B, respectively |
, | exposure times of X-ray tubes A and B, respectively |
distance of the jet movement within the time range |
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Material | ρ/(g·cm−3) | D/(m·s−1) | PCJ/(GPa) |
---|---|---|---|
JH-2 | 1.717 | 8500 | 34.0 |
Material | ρ/(g·cm−3) | Shear Modulus (GPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
CU-OFHC | 8.93 | 47.7 | 120 |
Material | ρ/(g·cm−3) | c/(m·s−1) |
---|---|---|
Water | 1.0 | 1480 |
Material | Density (g·cm−3) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q235 | 7.85 | 235 | 375 | 26 |
(m) | (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | (μs) | (μs) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water | 1.29 | 148 | 148 | 79 | 76 | 1.53 | 1.51 | 60 | 80 |
Data Source | Interference Velocity Interval (m/s) | Residual Penetration Depth (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|
Theoretical calculation results | [3131, 3813] ∪ [3916, 5321] | 76.3 | |
Experimental result | [3389.9, 5456.7] | 78 | 79.5 (on average) |
81 |
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Cai, Y.; Zu, X.; Tan, Y.; Huang, Z. Study on the Interference Process of Liquid Radial Reflux on the Stability of a Shaped Charge Jet. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8044. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178044
Cai Y, Zu X, Tan Y, Huang Z. Study on the Interference Process of Liquid Radial Reflux on the Stability of a Shaped Charge Jet. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(17):8044. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178044
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Youer, Xudong Zu, Yaping Tan, and Zhengxiang Huang. 2021. "Study on the Interference Process of Liquid Radial Reflux on the Stability of a Shaped Charge Jet" Applied Sciences 11, no. 17: 8044. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11178044