Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol and Registration
2.2. Research Question
- -
- P (population): extracted human teeth with complete rhizogenesis;
- -
- I (intervention): biomechanical preparation;
- -
- C (comparison): endodontic files made by different NiTi alloys;
- -
- O (result): dentinal microcrack formation.
- -
- S (study design): laboratory studies.
2.3. Search Strategies
2.4. Data Sources
2.5. Eligibility Criteria
2.6. Study Selection
2.7. Data Extraction
2.8. Quality Assessment
- Congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology.
- Congruity between the research methodology and research question or objectives.
- Congruity between the research methodology and the method used to collect data.
- Congruity between the research methodology and representation, and analysis of data.
- Congruity between the research methodology and interpretation of results.
- Statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically.
- Influence of researcher on the research and vice versa addressed.
- Representation of participants and their voices.
- Assessment of research ethicality according to the current criteria for recent studies and if there is evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body.
- Assess whether the conclusion drawn in the project report flow from the analysis or interpretation of data.
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection Results
3.2. Study Features
3.3. Quality Assessment
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Databases | Search Strategies | Results |
---|---|---|
PubMed | (“Endodontics” OR “endodontics” OR “endodontic treatment” OR “Root canal instrumentation” OR “NiTi file system” OR “Rotary instruments” OR “Reciprocating file system”) AND (“Dentinal cracks” OR “Dentin defect”) | 510 |
Embase | (“Endodontics” OR “endodontics” OR “endodontic treatment” OR “Root canal instrumentation” OR “NiTi file system” OR “Rotary instruments” OR “Reciprocating file system”) AND (“Dentinal cracks” OR “Dentin defect”) | 354 |
Web of Science | (“Endodontics” OR “Endodontic Treatment” OR “Root canal instrumentation” OR “NiTi file systems” OR “Rotary instruments” OR “Reciprocating file systems”) AND (“Dentinal cracks” OR “Dentin defect”) | 234 |
Scopus | (“Endodontics” OR “endodontics” OR “endodontic treatment” OR “Root canal instrumentation” OR “NiTi file system” OR “Rotary instruments” OR “Reciprocating file system”) AND (“Dentinal cracks” OR “Dentin defect”) | 222 |
Hand search | Australian Endodontic Journal, Iranian Endodontic Journal, International Endodontic Journal, and Journal of Endodontics | 23 |
Total | 1343 |
Inclusion Criteria |
In vitro experiments conducted on extracted human teeth; |
Root canals prepared with a file with conventional NiTi metallurgy (ProTaper Universal and Mtwo systems), hollow-file (Self-Adjusting File system), M-wire metallurgy (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and Reciproc systems), and R-phase metallurgy (Twisted File Adaptive and K3XF systems) using a standard technique according to the product manual; |
Inclusion of at least two of the four comparison groups: files with conventional NiTi metallurgy (ProTaper Universal and Mtwo systems), hollow-file (Self-Adjusting File system), M-wire metallurgy (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and Reciproc systems), and R-phase metallurgy (TFA and K3XF systems); |
Prepared teeth sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex, with the slices examined and numbered under a stereomicroscope or a scanning electron microscope (SEM); |
Dentinal cracks are measured in slices instead of the number of teeth; |
Studies published in English. |
Exclusion Criteria |
In vivo studies or studies not of human teeth; |
Root canals prepared with instruments other than files with conventional NiTi metallurgy (ProTaper Universal and Mtwo systems), hollow-file (Self-Adjusting File system) and M-wire metallurgy (WaveOne, ProTaper Next and Reciproc systems); |
Evaluation of the crack initiation at levels other than 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex; |
Studies without a control group; |
Evaluation of dentinal cracks after the root canal filling procedure; |
Retreatment; |
Unavailable data. |
No. | Article Title | Conventional NiTi | Hollow- File System | M-Wire | R-Phase | Section 3, 6, 9 mm | Technique | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PTU | Mtwo | SAF | PTN | RC | WO | TFA | K3XF | ||||
1 | In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks’ Formation during Root Canal Preparation by Different Nickel-Titanium File Systems [32]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||
2 | Effect of Root Canal Preparation Techniques on Crack Formation in Root Dentin [33]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||||
3 | Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation Reciprocating versus Rotary Instrumentation [34]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | |||||
4 | Assessment of Dentinal Damage during Canal Preparation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files [35]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||||
5 | Dentinal Crack Formation during Root Canal Preparations by the Twisted File Adaptive, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal and WaveOne Instruments [36]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||
6 | The Effects of Different Nickel-Titanium Instruments on Dentinal Microcrack Formations during Root Canal Preparation [37]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | |||||
7 | Comparison of Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Continuous Rotation and Reciprocating Instrumentation [38]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | |||||
8 | Evaluation of Dentinal Defects during Root Canal Preparation Using Thermomechanically- Processed Nickel-Titanium Files [39]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||
9 | To Compare the Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Instrumentation with Rotary, Reciprocating Twisted File Adaptive System [40]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | |||||
10 | Comparison of Dentinal and Apical Crack Formation Caused by Four Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary and Reciprocating Systems in Large and Small Canals [41]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SEM | |||||
11 | Effect of Reciprocating File Motion on Microcrack Formation in Root Canals: an SEM Study [42]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | SEM | ||||||
12 | Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Gold, Profile Vortex, F360, Reciproc and ProTaper [43]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | ||||||
13 | Evaluation of the Incidence of Microcracks caused by Mtwo and ProTaper Next Rotary File Systems versus the Self-Adjusting File: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study [44]. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SEM |
No. | Title | Authors | Journal | Country | Year | Teeth | No. of Samples | Pre Instrumentation Evaluation for Cracks | Root Curvature | Control Group | File Group | Sectioning 3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm | Examination Method | Methodology Is Well Described | Irrigant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks’ Formation during Root Canal Preparation by Different Nickel-Titanium File Systems [32]. | Akshayraj K. Langaliya, Anjali K. Kothari, Nishantkumar R. Surti, Amiben R. Patel, Prerak R. Doshi1, and Devarshi J. Pandya | Saudi Endodontic Journal | India | 2018 | Mandibular premolars | 84 | Yes | Straight | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next and WaveOne and SAF | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | Yes | Yes |
2. | Effect of Root Canal Preparation Techniques on Crack Formation in Root Dentin [33]. | Yazdan Shantiaee, DDS, MS, Omid Dianat, DDS, MS, Golnaz Mosayebi, DDS, Mahshid Namdari, PhD, and Patricia Tordik, DDS | PubMed | Iran | 2018 | Mandibular 1st premolars | 150 | Yes | Curvature <25° | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal and WaveOne | Yes | Stereomicro-scope | Yes | Yes |
3. | Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation Reciprocating versus Rotary Instrumentation [34]. | Bürklein, Tsotsis, and Schäfer | PubMed | Germany | 2012 | Mandibular central incisors | 100 | Yes | Straight (<5°) | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, Reciproc and WaveOne | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
4. | Assessment of Dentinal Damage during Canal Preparation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files [35]. | Rohit Kansal, Akhil Rajput, Sangeeta Talwar, and Ruchika Roongta | PubMed | India | 2015 | Mandibular premolars | 120 | Yes | Straight | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal and WaveOne | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
5. | Dentinal Crack Formation during Root Canal Preparations by the Twisted File Adaptive, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal and WaveOne Instruments [36]. | Karataş, Kırıcı, Arslan, Topçu, and Yeter | PubMed | Turkey | 2015 | Mandibular central incisors | 75 | Yes | Straight (<5°) | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, Protaper Next, WaveOne and Twisted File Adaptive | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
6. | The Effects of Different Nickel-Titanium Instruments on Dentinal Microcrack Formations during Root Canal Preparation [37]. | Yakup, Tugrul, Burak, and Kesim | PubMed | Turkey | 2019 | Mandibular central incisors | 120 | Yes | Straight (<5°) | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, Protaper Next, WaveOne | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
7. | Comparison of Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Continuous Rotation and Reciprocating Instrumentation [38]. | Monga, Bajaj, Mahajan, and Garg | PubMed | India | 2015 | Mandibular premolars | 150 | Yes | Straight | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, Wave One and K3XF | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
8. | Evaluation of Dentinal Defects during Root Canal Preparation Using Thermomechanically- Processed Nickel-Titanium files [39]. | Kesim, Sagsen, and Tugrul | PubMed | Turkey | 2017 | Mandibular premolars | 150 | Yes | Curvature (<5°) | Prepared | Protaper Next, Reciproc, and TFA | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
9. | To Compare the Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Instrumentation with Rotary, Reciprocating Twisted File Adaptive System [40]. | Kumari and Vishwas | Hand search | India | 2014 | Mandibular premolars | 40 | Yes | Straight | Unprepared | Protaper Next, WaveOne and TFA | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
10. | Comparison of Dentinal and Apical Crack Formation caused by Four Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary and Reciprocating Systems in Large and Small Canals [41]. | Zhou, Jiang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Zhu, and Zhang | PubMed | China | 2015 | Mandibular premolars and molars | 180 | Yes | Not specified. | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal, WaveOne and TFA | Yes | SEM | No | Yes |
11. | Effect of Reciprocating File Motion on Microcrack Formation in Root Canals: an SEM Study [42]. | Ashwinkumar, Krithikadatta, Surendran, and Velmurugan | PubMed | India | 2013 | Mandibular 1st molars | 150 | Yes | Curvature (25–30°) | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal and WaveOne | Yes | SEM | Yes | Yes |
12. | Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Gold, Profile Vortex, F360, Reciproc and ProTaper [43]. | Karatas, Gunduz, Kırıcı, and Arslan | PubMed | Turkey | 2016 | Mandibular central incisors | 90 | Yes | Straight (<5°) | Unprepared | ProTaper Universal and WaveOne | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
13. | Evaluation of the Incidence of Microcracks caused by Mtwo and ProTaper Next Rotary File Systems versus the Self-Adjusting File: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study [44]. | Suparna Ganguly Saha, Neelam Vijaywargiya, Divya Saxena, Mainak Kanti Saha, Anuj Bharadwaj, Sandeep Dubey | PubMed | India | 2017 | Mandibular premolars | 120 | Yes | Straight canal | Unprepared | ProTaper Next, Mtwo and SAF | Yes | Stereomicroscope | Yes | Yes |
No. | Akshayraj K et al., 2018 | Yazdan Shantiaee et al., 2018 | Bürklein S et al., 2012 | Rohit Kansal et al., 2015 | Karataş E et al., 2014 | Yakup Ustun et al., 2019 | Prashant Monga et al., 2015 | Bertan Kesim et al., 2017 | R Ambika Kumari et al., 2014 | Xin Zhou et al., 2015 | V. Ashwinkumar et al., 2013 | E. Karatas et al., 2015 | Suparna Ganguly, Saha et al., 2017 | |
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1 | Is there congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
2 | Is there congruity between the research methodology and research question or objectives? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
3 | Is there congruity between the research methodology and the method used to collect data? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
4 | Is there congruity between the research methodology and representation and analysis of data? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
5 | Is there congruity between the research methodology and interpretation of results? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
6 | Is there a statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
7 | Is the influence of researchers on the research and vice versa addressed? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
8 | Are the participants and their voices adequately represented? | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
9 | Is the research ethical according to the current criteria for recent studies and is there evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
10 | Are the conclusions drawn in the project report flow from the analysis or interpretation of data? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear | Yes | Yes | Yes | Unclear |
No. | Title | File System | Files Used | No. of Specimen | Number of Dentinal Cracks at Different Cross-Sections | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 mm | 6 mm | 9 mm | Total | |||||
1. | In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Dentinal Microcracks’ Formation during Root Canal Preparation by Different Nickel-Titanium File Systems [32]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 12 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 14 |
Hollow-file system | SAF | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
M-wire | ProTaper Next | 12 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | ||
WaveOne | 12 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | |||
2. | Effect of Root Canal Preparation Techniques on Crack Formation in Root Dentin [33]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 30 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 18 |
M-wire | WaveOne | 30 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 27 | ||
3. | Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation Reciprocating versus Rotary Instrumentation [34]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 60 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 23 |
Mtwo | 60 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 20 | |||
M-wire | Reciproc | 60 | 21 | 15 | 4 | 40 | ||
WaveOne | 60 | 17 | 13 | 4 | 34 | |||
4. | Assessment of Dentinal Damage during Canal Preparation Using Reciprocating and Rotary Files [35]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 30 | 16 | |||
M-wire | WaveOne | 30 | 5 | |||||
5. | Dentinal Crack Formation during Root Canal Preparations by the Twisted File Adaptive, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Universal and WaveOne Instruments [36]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 15 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 17 |
M-wire | ProTaper Next | 15 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 11 | ||
WaveOne | 15 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 15 | |||
R-phase | TFA | 15 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 13 | ||
6. | The Effects of Different Nickel-Titanium Instruments on Dentinal microcrack Formations during Root Canal Preparation [37]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 20 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
M-wire | ProTaper Next | 20 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 7 | ||
Reciproc | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |||
7. | Comparison of Incidence of Dentinal Defects after Root Canal Preparation with Continuous Rotation and Reciprocating Instrumentation [38] | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 30 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
R-phase | K3XF | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
M-wire | WaveOne | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
8. | Evaluation of Dentinal Defects during Root Canal Preparation Using Thermomechanically- Processed Nickel-Titanium Files [39]. | M-wire | ProTaper Next | 30 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 13 |
Reciproc | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
R-phase | TFA | 30 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 16 | ||
K3XF | 30 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
9. | To Compare the Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Instrumentation with Rotary, Reciprocating Twisted File Adaptive System [40]. | M-wire | ProTaper Next | 10 | 4 | 5 | No data | |
Reciproc | 10 | 2 | 2 | No data | ||||
R-phase | TFA | 10 | 2 | 1 | No data | |||
10. | Comparison of Dentinal and Apical Crack Formation caused by Four Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary and Reciprocating Systems in Large and Small Canals [41]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
M-wire | WaveOne | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
R-phase | TFA | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
11 | Effect of Reciprocating File Motion on Microcrack Formation in Root Canals: an SEM Study [42]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 30 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 72 |
M-wire | WaveOne | 30 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 35 | ||
12. | Incidence of Dentinal Cracks after Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Gold, Profile Vortex, F360, Reciproc and ProTape Universal instruments [43]. | Conventional NiTi file system | ProTaper Universal | 15 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
M-wire | Reciproc | 15 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | ||
13. | Evaluation of the Incidence of Microcracks caused by Mtwo and ProTaper Next Rotary File Systems versus the Self-Adjusting File: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study [44]. | Conventional NiTi file system | Mtwo | 30 | 15 | |||
M-wire | ProTaper Next | 30 | 12 | |||||
Hollow-file system | SAF | 30 | 1 |
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Sawant, K.; Pawar, A.M.; Banga, K.S.; Machado, R.; Karobari, M.I.; Marya, A.; Messina, P.; Scardina, G.A. Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4984. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114984
Sawant K, Pawar AM, Banga KS, Machado R, Karobari MI, Marya A, Messina P, Scardina GA. Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):4984. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114984
Chicago/Turabian StyleSawant, Kashmira, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Kulvinder Singh Banga, Ricardo Machado, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Pietro Messina, and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina. 2021. "Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 4984. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114984
APA StyleSawant, K., Pawar, A. M., Banga, K. S., Machado, R., Karobari, M. I., Marya, A., Messina, P., & Scardina, G. A. (2021). Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4984. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114984