Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering: Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
2.1. Topography
2.2. Regional Geology
2.3. Traffic and Tunnel
3. Methods
4. Results
4.1. Lithology
4.2. Fault-Related
4.3. Scarp and Slope Deformation
5. Discussion
5.1. Lithology
5.2. Fault Zone
5.3. Scarp and Slope Deformation
6. Conclusions
- The airborne-based LiDAR DEM captures more precisely the topographic and geomorphic features of strata of the study area than do topographic maps produced using traditional aerial photogrammetry. The precise locations of geological structures, such as faults and lineaments, as well as the drainage system, can be identified accordingly. On clinometric and hillshade maps, different lithologies are distinct, as is the drainage system. Such maps therefore help in the finding of outcrops for conventional surface geological investigation.
- High-resolution airborne-based LiDAR DEM for identifying lithological boundaries, geological structures such as faults and lineament, and drainage systems, can be combined with on-site and underground excavation-based verification, to refine geological surveying and mapping.
- A scarp on the surface of a slope is an evidence of the deformation of the underground rock mass. However, the scope in which the rock mass has a high degree of weathering and the attitude of the tilted discontinuity may exceed the scope in which scarps on a slope are identified in a clinometric map.
- A field investigation by a professional geologist is still the most reliable method of geological surveying and mapping for the purpose of determining the engineering significance of geological features, their quantitative characteristics and corresponding parameters. Combining information thus obtained with that inferred from a high-resolution DEM can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the geological survey, including lithological distribution, geological structure, and locations of potential instabilities of a slope, favoring the assessment of tunnel engineering risks, especially in the initial stages of engineering projects, such as a feasibility study, planning, and design.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lo, P.-C.; Lo, W.; Wang, T.-T.; Hsieh, Y.-C. Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering: Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104404
Lo P-C, Lo W, Wang T-T, Hsieh Y-C. Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering: Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(10):4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104404
Chicago/Turabian StyleLo, Pai-Chiao, Wei Lo, Tai-Tien Wang, and Yu-Chung Hsieh. 2021. "Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering: Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan" Applied Sciences 11, no. 10: 4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104404
APA StyleLo, P.-C., Lo, W., Wang, T.-T., & Hsieh, Y.-C. (2021). Application of Geological Mapping Using Airborne-Based LiDAR DEM to Tunnel Engineering: Example of Dongao Tunnel in Northeastern Taiwan. Applied Sciences, 11(10), 4404. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104404